Architectural Barriers Act

1001 General

1001.1 Scope.  The provisions of Chapter 10 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a requirement in this document.

Advisory 1001.1 Scope.  Unless otherwise modified or specifically addressed in Chapter 10, all other requirements in this document apply to the design and construction of recreation facilities. 
The requirements in 1011 through 1019 apply only to facilities constructed or altered by federal agencies or by non-federal entities on federal land on behalf of federal agencies pursuant to a concession contract, partnership agreement, or similar arrangement. See F201.4.  The requirements in 1011 and 1019 allow for limitations and other constraints posed by the existing outdoor environment.

1002 Amusement Rides

1002.1 General.  Amusement rides shall comply with 1002.

1002.2 Accessible Routes.  Accessible routes serving amusement rides shall comply with Chapter 4.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  In load or unload areas and on amusement rides, where compliance with 405.2 is not structurally or operationally feasible, ramp slope shall be permitted to be 1:8 maximum.

2.  In load or unload areas and on amusement rides, handrails provided along walking surfaces complying with 403 and required on ramps complying with 405 shall not be required to comply with 505 where compliance is not structurally or operationally feasible.

Advisory 1002.2 Accessible Routes Exception 1.  Steeper slopes are permitted on accessible routes connecting the amusement ride in the load and unload position where it is "structurally or operationally infeasible." In most cases, this will be limited to areas where the accessible route leads directly to the amusement ride and where there are space limitations on the ride, not the queue line.  Where possible, the least possible slope should be used on the accessible route that serves the amusement ride.

1002.3 Load and Unload Areas.  A turning space complying with 304.2 and 304.3 shall be provided in load and unload areas.

1002.4 Wheelchair Spaces in Amusement Rides.  Wheelchair spaces in amusement rides shall comply with 1002.4.

1002.4.1 Floor or Ground Surface.  The floor or ground surface of wheelchair spaces shall be stable and firm.

1002.4.2 Slope.  The floor or ground surface of wheelchair spaces shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48 when in the load and unload position.

1002.4.3 Gaps.  Floors of amusement rides with wheelchair spaces and floors of load and unload areas shall be coordinated so that, when amusement rides are at rest in the load and unload position, the vertical difference between the floors shall be within plus or minus 5/8 inches (16 mm) and the horizontal gap shall be 3 inches (75 mm) maximum under normal passenger load conditions.

EXCEPTION:  Where compliance is not operationally or structurally feasible, ramps, bridge plates, or similar devices complying with the applicable requirements of 36 CFR 1192.83(c) shall be provided.

Advisory 1002.4.3 Gaps Exception.  36 CFR 1192.83© ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Transportation Vehicles – Light Rail Vehicles and Systems – Mobility Aid Accessibility is available at www.access-board.gov.  It includes provisions for bridge plates and ramps that can be used at gaps between wheelchair spaces and floors of load and unload areas.

1002.4.4 Clearances.  Clearances for wheelchair spaces shall comply with 1002.4.4.

EXCEPTIONS: 1.  Where provided, securement devices shall be permitted to overlap required clearances.

2.  Wheelchair spaces shall be permitted to be mechanically or manually repositioned.

3.  Wheelchair spaces shall not be required to comply with 307.4.

Advisory 1002.4.4 Clearances Exception 3.  This exception for protruding objects applies to the ride devices, not to circulation areas or accessible routes in the queue lines or the load and unload areas.

1002.4.4.1 Width and Length.  Wheelchair spaces shall provide a clear width of 30 inches (760 mm) minimum and a clear length of 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum measured to 9 inches (230 mm) minimum above the floor surface.

1002.4.4.2 Side Entry.  Where wheelchair spaces are entered only from the side, amusement rides shall be designed to permit sufficient maneuvering clearance for individuals using a wheelchair or mobility aid to enter and exit the ride.

Advisory 1002.4.4.2 Side Entry.  The amount of clear space needed within the ride, and the size and position of the opening are interrelated.  A 32 inch (815 mm) clear opening will not provide sufficient width when entered through a turn into an amusement ride.  Additional space for maneuvering and a wider door will be needed where a side opening is centered on the ride.  For example, where a 42 inch (1065 mm) opening is provided, a minimum clear space of 60 inches (1525 mm) in length and 36 inches (915mm) in depth is needed to ensure adequate space for maneuvering.

1002.4.4.3 Permitted Protrusions in Wheelchair Spaces.  Objects are permitted to protrude a distance of 6 inches (150 mm) maximum along the front of the wheelchair space, where located 9 inches (230 mm) minimum and 27 inches (685 mm) maximum above the floor or ground surface of the wheelchair space. Objects are permitted to protrude a distance of 25 inches (635 mm) maximum along the front of the wheelchair space, where located more than 27 inches (685 mm) above the floor or ground surface of the wheelchair space.

1002.4.5 Ride Entry.  Openings providing entry to wheelchair spaces on amusement rides shall be 32 inches (815 mm) minimum clear.

1002.4.6 Approach.  One side of the wheelchair space shall adjoin an accessible route when in the load and unload position.

1002.4.7 Companion Seats.  Where the interior width of the amusement ride is greater than 53 inches (1345 mm), seating is provided for more than one rider, and the wheelchair is not required to be centered within the amusement ride, a companion seat shall be provided for each wheelchair space.

1002.4.7.1 Shoulder-to-Shoulder Seating.  Where an amusement ride provides shoulder-to-shoulder seating, companion seats shall be shoulder-to-shoulder with the adjacent wheelchair space.

EXCEPTION:  Where shoulder-to-shoulder companion seating is not operationally or structurally feasible, compliance with this requirement shall be required to the maximum extent practicable.

1002.5 Amusement Ride Seats Designed for Transfer.  Amusement ride seats designed for transfer shall comply with 1002.5 when positioned for loading and unloading.

Advisory 1002.5 Amusement Ride Seats Designed for Transfer.  The proximity of the clear floor or ground space next to an element and the height of the element one is transferring to are both critical for a safe and independent transfer.  Providing additional clear floor or ground space both in front of and diagonal to the element will provide flexibility and will increase usability for a more diverse population of individuals with disabilities.  Ride seats designed for transfer should involve only one transfer.  Where possible, designers are encouraged to locate the ride seat no higher than 17 to 19 inches (430 to 485 mm) above the load and unload surface.  Where greater distances are required for transfers, providing gripping surfaces, seat padding, and avoiding sharp objects in the path of transfer will facilitate the transfer.

1002.5.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space.  A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided in the load and unload area adjacent to the amusement ride seats designed for transfer.

1002.5.2 Transfer Height.  The height of amusement ride seats designed for transfer shall be 14 inches (355 mm) minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) maximum measured from the surface of the load and unload area.

1002.5.3 Transfer Entry.  Where openings are provided for transfer to amusement ride seats, the openings shall provide clearance for transfer from a wheelchair or mobility aid to the amusement ride seat.

1002.5.4 Wheelchair Storage Space.  Wheelchair storage spaces complying with 305 shall be provided in or adjacent to unload areas for each required amusement ride seat designed for transfer and shall not overlap any required means of egress or accessible route.

1002.6 Transfer Devices for Use with Amusement Rides.  Transfer devices for use with amusement rides shall comply with 1002.6 when positioned for loading and unloading.

1002.6.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space.  A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided in the load and unload area adjacent to the transfer device.

1002.6.2 Transfer Height.  The height of transfer device seats shall be 14 inches (355 mm) minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) maximum measured from the load and unload surface.

1002.6.3 Wheelchair Storage Space.  Wheelchair storage spaces complying with 305 shall be provided in or adjacent to unload areas for each required transfer device and shall not overlap any required means of egress or accessible route. 

1003 Recreational Boating Facilities

1003.1 General.  Recreational boating facilities shall comply with 1003.

1003.2 Accessible Routes.  Accessible routes serving recreational boating facilities, including gangways and floating piers, shall comply with Chapter 4 except as modified by the exceptions in 1003.2.

1003.2.1 Boat Slips.  Accessible routes serving boat slips shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 1003.2.1.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Where an existing gangway or series of gangways is replaced or altered, an increase in the length of the gangway shall not be required to comply with 1003.2 unless required by 202.4.

2.  Gangways shall not be required to comply with the maximum rise specified in 405.6.

3.  Where the total length of a gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required accessible route is 80 feet (24 m) minimum, gangways shall not be required to comply with 405.2.

4.  Where facilities contain fewer than 25 boat slips and the total length of the gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required accessible route is 30 feet (9145 mm) minimum, gangways shall not be required to comply with 405.2.

5.  Where gangways connect to transition plates, landings specified by 405.7 shall not be required.

6.  Where gangways and transition plates connect and are required to have handrails, handrail extensions shall not be required. Where handrail extensions are provided on gangways or transition plates, the handrail extensions shall not be required to be parallel with the ground or floor surface.

7.  The cross slope specified in 403.3 and 405.3 for gangways, transition plates, and floating piers that are part of accessible routes shall be measured in the static position.

8.  Changes in level complying with 303.3 and 303.4 shall be permitted on the surfaces of gangways and boat launch ramps.

Advisory 1003.2.1 Boat Slips Exception 3.  The following example shows how exception 3 would be applied:  A gangway is provided to a floating pier which is required to be on an accessible route.  The vertical distance is 10 feet (3050 mm) between the elevation where the gangway departs the landside connection and the elevation of the pier surface at the lowest water level.  Exception 3 permits the gangway to be 80 feet (24 m) long. Another design solution would be to have two 40 foot (12 m) plus continuous gangways joined together at a float, where the float (as the water level falls) will stop dropping at an elevation five feet below the landside connection.  The length of transition plates would not be included in determining if the gangway(s) meet the requirements of the exception.

1003.2.2 Boarding Piers at Boat Launch Ramps.  Accessible routes serving boarding piers at boat launch ramps shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 1003.2.2.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Accessible routes serving floating boarding piers shall be permitted to use Exceptions 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in 1003.2.1.

2.  Where the total length of the gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required accessible route is 30 feet (9145 mm) minimum, gangways shall not be required to comply with 405.2.

3.  Where the accessible route serving a floating boarding pier or skid pier is located within a boat launch ramp, the portion of the accessible route located within the boat launch ramp shall not be required to comply with 405.

1003.3 Clearances.  Clearances at boat slips and on boarding piers at boat launch ramps shall comply with 1003.3.

Advisory 1003.3 Clearances.  Although the minimum width of the clear pier space is 60 inches (1525 mm), it is recommended that piers be wider than 60 inches (1525 mm) to improve the safety for persons with disabilities, particularly on floating piers.

1003.3.1 Boat Slip Clearance.  Boat slips shall provide clear pier space 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and at least as long as the boat slips.  Each 10 feet (3050 mm) maximum of linear pier edge serving boat slips shall contain at least one continuous clear opening 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Clear pier space shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum for a length of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum, provided that multiple 36 inch (915 mm) wide segments are separated by segments that are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.

2.  Edge protection shall be permitted at the continuous clear openings, provided that it is 4 inches (100 mm) high maximum and 2 inches (51 mm) wide maximum.

3.  In existing piers, clear pier space shall be permitted to be located perpendicular to the boat slip and shall extend the width of the boat slip, where the facility has at least one boat slip complying with 1003.3, and further compliance with 1003.3 would result in a reduction in the number of boat slips available or result in a reduction of the widths of existing slips.

Advisory 1003.3.1 Boat Slip Clearance Exception 3. Where the conditions in exception 3 are satisfied, existing facilities are only required to have one accessible boat slip with a pier clearance which runs the length of the slip. All other accessible slips are allowed to have the required pier clearance at the head of the slip. Under this exception, at piers with perpendicular boat slips, the width of most "finger piers" will remain unchanged. However, where mooring systems for floating piers are replaced as part of pier alteration projects, an opportunity may exist for increasing accessibility. Piers may be reconfigured to allow an increase in the number of wider finger piers, and serve as accessible boat slips.

1003.3.2 Boarding Pier Clearances.  Boarding piers at boat launch ramps shall provide clear pier space 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and shall extend the full length of the boarding pier.  Every 10 feet (3050 mm) maximum of linear pier edge shall contain at least one continuous clear opening 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  The clear pier space shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum for a length of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum provided that multiple 36 inch (915 mm) wide segments are separated by segments that are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.

2.  Edge protection shall be permitted at the continuous clear openings provided that it is 4 inches (100 mm) high maximum and 2 inches (51 mm) wide maximum.

1004 Exercise Machines and Equipment

1004.1 Clear Floor Space.  Exercise machines and equipment shall have a clear floor space complying with 305 positioned for transfer or for use by an individual seated in a wheelchair. Clear floor or ground spaces required at exercise machines and equipment shall be permitted to overlap.

Advisory 1004.1 Clear Floor Space.  One clear floor or ground space is permitted to be shared between two pieces of exercise equipment.  To optimize space use, designers should carefully consider layout options such as connecting ends of the row and center aisle spaces.  The position of the clear floor space may vary greatly depending on the use of the equipment or machine.  For example, to provide access to a shoulder press machine, clear floor space next to the seat would be appropriate to allow for transfer.  Clear floor space for a bench press machine designed for use by an individual seated in a wheelchair, however, will most likely be centered on the operating mechanisms.

1005 Fishing Piers and Platforms

1005.1 Accessible Routes.  Accessible routes serving fishing piers and platforms, including gangways and floating piers, shall comply with Chapter 4.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Accessible routes serving floating fishing piers and platforms shall be permitted to use Exceptions 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in 1003.2.1.

2.  Where the total length of the gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required accessible route is 30 feet (9145 mm) minimum, gangways shall not be required to comply with 405.2.

1005.2 Railings.  Where provided, railings, guards, or handrails shall comply with 1005.2.

1005.2.1 Height.  At least 25 percent of the railings, guards, or handrails shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum above the ground or deck surface.

EXCEPTION:  Where a guard complying with sections 1003.2.12.1 and 1003.2.12.2 of the International Building Code (2000 edition) or sections 1012.2 and 1012.3 of the International Building Code (2003 edition) (incorporated by reference, see "Referenced Standards" in Chapter 1) is provided, the guard shall not be required to comply with 1005.2.1.

1005.2.1.1 Dispersion.  Railings, guards, or handrails required to comply with 1005.2.1 shall be dispersed throughout the fishing pier or platform.

Advisory 1005.2.1.1 Dispersion.  Portions of the railings that are lowered to provide fishing opportunities for persons with disabilities must be located in a variety of locations on the fishing pier or platform to give people a variety of locations to fish.  Different fishing locations may provide varying water depths, shade (at certain times of the day), vegetation, and proximity to the shoreline or bank.

1005.3 Edge Protection.  Where railings, guards, or handrails complying with 1005.2 are provided, edge protection complying with 1005.3.1 or 1005.3.2 shall be provided.

Advisory 1005.3 Edge Protection.  Edge protection is required only where railings, guards, or handrails are provided on a fishing pier or platform.  Edge protection will prevent wheelchairs or other mobility devices from slipping off the fishing pier or platform.  Extending the deck of the fishing pier or platform 12 inches (305 mm) where the 34 inch (865 mm) high railing is provided is an alternative design, permitting individuals using wheelchairs or other mobility devices to pull into a clear space and move beyond the face of the railing.  In such a design, curbs or barriers are not required.

1005.3.1 Curb or Barrier.  Curbs or barriers shall extend 2 inches (51 mm) minimum above the surface of the fishing pier or platform.

1005.3.2 Extended Ground or Deck Surface.  The ground or deck surface shall extend 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of the railing.  Toe clearance shall be provided and shall be 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum and 9 inches (230 mm) minimum above the ground or deck surface beyond the railing.

1005.4 Clear Floor or Ground Space.  At each location where there are railings, guards, or handrails complying with 1005.2.1, a clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided. Where there are no railings, guards, or handrails, at least one clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided on the fishing pier or platform.

1005.5 Turning Space.  At least one turning space complying with 304.3 shall be provided on fishing piers and platforms. 

1006 Golf Facilities

1006.1 General.  Golf facilities shall comply with 1006.

1006.2 Accessible Routes.  Accessible routes serving teeing grounds, practice teeing grounds, putting greens, practice putting greens, teeing stations at driving ranges, course weather shelters, golf car rental areas, bag drop areas, and course toilet rooms shall comply with Chapter 4 and shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) wide minimum.  Where handrails are provided,accessible routes shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum.

EXCEPTION:  Handrails shall not be required on golf courses. Where handrails are provided on golf courses, the handrails shall not be required to comply with 505.

1006.3 Golf Car Passages.  Golf car passages shall comply with 1006.3.

1006.3.1 Clear Width.  The clear width of golf car passages shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.

1006.3.2 Barriers.  Where curbs or other constructed barriers prevent golf cars from entering a fairway, openings 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum shall be provided at intervals not to exceed 75 yards (69 m).

1006.4 Weather Shelters.  A clear floor or ground space 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 96 inches (2440 mm) minimum shall be provided within weather shelters.

1007 Miniature Golf Facilities

1007.1 General.  Miniature golf facilities shall comply with 1007.

1007.2 Accessible Routes.  Accessible routes serving holes on miniature golf courses shall comply with Chapter 4.  Accessible routes located on playing surfaces of miniature golf holes shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 1007.2.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Playing surfaces shall not be required to comply with 302.2.

2.  Where accessible routes intersect playing surfaces of holes, a 1 inch (25 mm) maximum curb shall be permitted for a width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum.

3.  A slope not steeper than 1:4 for a 4 inch (100 mm) maximum rise shall be permitted.

4.  Ramp landing slopes specified by 405.7.1 shall be permitted to be 1:20 maximum.

5.  Ramp landing length specified by 405.7.3 shall be permitted to be 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum.

6.  Ramp landing size specified by 405.7.4 shall be permitted to be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.

7.  Handrails shall not be required on holes.  Where handrails are provided on holes, the handrails shall not be required to comply with 505.

1007.3 Miniature Golf Holes.  Miniature golf holes shall comply with 1007.3.

1007.3.1 Start of Play.  A clear floor or ground space 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum with slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the start of play.

1007.3.2 Golf Club Reach Range Area.  All areas within holes where golf balls rest shall be within 36 inches (915 mm) maximum of a clear floor or ground space 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum having a running slope not steeper than 1:20.  The clear floor or ground space shall be served by an accessible route.

Advisory 1007.3.2 Golf Club Reach Range Area.  The golf club reach range applies to all holes required to be accessible.  This includes accessible routes provided adjacent to or, where provided, on the playing surface of the hole.

1008 Play Areas

1008.1 General.  Play areas shall comply with 1008.

1008.2 Accessible Routes.  Accessible routes serving play areas shall comply with Chapter 4 and 1008.2 and shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 1008.2.1 through 1008.2.3.  Where accessible routes serve ground level play components, the vertical clearance shall be 80 inches high (2030 mm) minimum.

1008.2.1 Ground Level and Elevated Play Components.  Accessible routes serving ground level play components and elevated play components shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 1008.2.1.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Transfer systems complying with 1008.3 shall be permitted to connect elevated play components except where 20 or more elevated play components are provided no more than 25 percent of the elevated play components shall be permitted to be connected by transfer systems.

2.  Where transfer systems are provided, an elevated play component shall be permitted to connect to another elevated play component as part of an accessible route.

1008.2.2 Soft Contained Play Structures.  Accessible routes serving soft contained play structures shall be permitted to use the exception in 1008.2.2.

EXCEPTION:  Transfer systems complying with 1008.3 shall be permitted to be used as part of an accessible route.

1008.2.3 Water Play Components.  Accessible routes serving water play components shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 1008.2.3.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Where the surface of the accessible route, clear floor or ground spaces, or turning spaces serving water play components is submerged, compliance with 302, 403.3, 405.2, 405.3, and 1008.2.6 shall not be required.

2.  Transfer systems complying with 1008.3 shall be permitted to connect elevated play components in water.

Advisory 1008.2.3 Water Play Components.  Personal wheelchairs and mobility devices may not be appropriate for submerging in water when using play components in water.  Some may have batteries, motors, and electrical systems that when submerged in water may cause damage to the personal mobility device or wheelchair or may contaminate the water.  Providing an aquatic wheelchair made of non-corrosive materials and designed for access into the water will protect the water from contamination and avoid damage to personal wheelchairs.

1008.2.4 Clear Width.  Accessible routes connecting play components shall provide a clear width complying with 1008.2.4.

1008.2.4.1 Ground Level.  At ground level, the clear width of accessible routes shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  In play areas less than 1000 square feet (93 m2), the clear width of accessible routes shall be permitted to be 44 inches (1120 mm) minimum, if at least one turning space complying with 304.3 is provided where the restricted accessible route exceeds 30 feet (9145 mm) in length.

2.  The clear width of accessible routes shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum for a distance of 60 inches (1525 mm) maximum provided that multiple reduced width segments are separated by segments that are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.

1008.2.4.2 Elevated.  The clear width of accessible routes connecting elevated play components shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  The clear width of accessible routes connecting elevated play components shall be permitted to be reduced to 32 inches (815 mm) minimum for a distance of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum provided that reduced width segments are separated by segments that are 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum.

2.  The clear width of transfer systems connecting elevated play components shall be permitted to be 24 inches (610 mm) minimum.

1008.2.5 Ramps.  Within play areas, ramps connecting ground level play components and ramps connecting elevated play components shall comply with 1008.2.5.

1008.2.5.1 Ground Level.  Ramp runs connecting ground level play components shall have a running slope not steeper than 1:16.

1008.2.5.2 Elevated.  The rise for any ramp run connecting elevated play components shall be 12 inches (305 mm) maximum.

1008.2.5.3 Handrails.  Where required on ramps serving play components, the handrails shall comply with 505 except as modified by 1008.2.5.3.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Handrails shall not be required on ramps located within ground level use zones.

2.  Handrail extensions shall not be required.

1008.2.5.3.1 Handrail Gripping Surfaces.  Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross section shall have an outside diameter of 0.95 inch (24 mm) minimum and 1.55 inches (39 mm) maximum.  Where the shape of the gripping surface is non-circular, the handrail shall provide an equivalent gripping surface.

1008.2.5.3.2 Handrail Height.  The top of handrail gripping surfaces shall be 20 inches (510 mm) minimum and 28 inches (710 mm) maximum above the ramp surface.

1008.2.6 Ground Surfaces.  Ground surfaces on accessible routes, clear floor or ground spaces, and turning spaces shall comply with 1008.2.6.

Advisory 1008.2.6 Ground Surfaces.  Ground surfaces must be inspected and maintained regularly to ensure continued compliance with the ASTM F 1951 standard.  The type of surface material selected and play area use levels will determine the frequency of inspection and maintenance activities.

1008.2.6.1 Accessibility.  Ground surfaces shall comply with ASTM F 1951 (incorporated by reference, see "Referenced Standards" in Chapter 1). Ground surfaces shall be inspected and maintained regularly and frequently to ensure continued compliance with ASTM F 1951.

1008.2.6.2 Use Zones.  Ground surfaces located within use zones shall comply with ASTM F 1292 (1999 edition or 2004 edition) (incorporated by reference, see "Referenced Standards" in Chapter 1).

1008.3 Transfer Systems.  Where transfer systems are provided to connect to elevated play components, transfer systems shall comply with 1008.3.

Advisory 1008.3 Transfer Systems.  Where transfer systems are provided, consideration should be given to the distance between the transfer system and the elevated play components.  Moving between a transfer platform and a series of transfer steps requires extensive exertion for some children.  Designers should minimize the distance between the points where a child transfers from a wheelchair or mobility device and where the elevated play components are located.  Where elevated play components are used to connect to another elevated play component instead of an accessible route, careful consideration should be used in the selection of the play components used for this purpose.

1008.3.1 Transfer Platforms.  Transfer platforms shall be provided where transfer is intended from wheelchairs or other mobility aids.  Transfer platforms shall comply with 1008.3.1.

1008.3.1.1 Size.  Transfer platforms shall have level surfaces 14 inches (355 mm) deep minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) wide minimum.

1008.3.1.2 Height.  The height of transfer platforms shall be 11 inches (280 mm) minimum and 18 inches (455 mm) maximum measured to the top of the surface from the ground or floor surface.

1008.3.1.3 Transfer Space.  A transfer space complying with 305.2 and 305.3 shall be provided adjacent to the transfer platform.  The 48 inch (1220 mm) long minimum dimension of the transfer space shall be centered on and parallel to the 24 inch (610 mm) long minimum side of the transfer platform.  The side of the transfer platform serving the transfer space shall be unobstructed.

1008.3.1.4 Transfer Supports.  At least one means of support for transferring shall be provided.

1008.3.2 Transfer Steps.  Transfer steps shall be provided where movement is intended from transfer platforms to levels with elevated play components required to be on accessible routes.  Transfer steps shall comply with 1008.3.2.

1008.3.2.1 Size.  Transfer steps shall have level surfaces 14 inches (355 mm) deep minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) wide minimum.

1008.3.2.2 Height.  Each transfer step shall be 8 inches (205 mm) high maximum.

1008.3.2.3 Transfer Supports.  At least one means of support for transferring shall be provided.

Advisory 1008.3.2.3 Transfer Supports.  Transfer supports are required on transfer platforms and transfer steps to assist children when transferring.  Some examples of supports include a rope loop, a loop type handle, a slot in the edge of a flat horizontal or vertical member, poles or bars, or D rings on the corner posts.

1008.4 Play Components.  Ground level play components on accessible routes and elevated play components connected by ramps shall comply with 1008.4.

1008.4.1 Turning Space.  At least one turning space complying with 304 shall be provided on the same level as play components.  Where swings are provided, the turning space shall be located immediately adjacent to the swing.

1008.4.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space.  Clear floor or ground space complying with 305.2 and 305.3 shall be provided at play components.

1008.4.3 Play Tables.  Where play tables are provided, knee clearance 24 inches (610 mm) high minimum, 17 inches deep (430 mm) minimum, and 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum shall be provided.  The tops of rims, curbs, or other obstructions shall be 31 inches (785 mm) high maximum.

EXCEPTION:  Play tables designed and constructed primarily for children 5 years and younger shall not be required to provide knee clearance where the clear floor or ground space required by 1008.4.2 is arranged for a parallel approach.

1008.4.4 Entry Points and Seats.  Where play components require transfer to entry points or seats, the entry points or seats shall be 11 inches (280 mm) minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) maximum from the clear floor or ground space.

EXCEPTION:  Entry points of slides shall not be required to comply with 1008.4.4.

1008.4.5 Transfer Supports.  Where play components require transfer to entry points or seats, at least one means of support for transferring shall be provided.

1009 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas

1009.1 General.  Where provided, pool lifts, sloped entries, transfer walls, transfer systems, and pool stairs shall comply with 1009.

1009.2 Pool Lifts.  Pool lifts shall comply with 1009.2.

Advisory 1009.2 Pool Lifts.  There are a variety of seats available on pool lifts ranging from sling seats to those that are preformed or molded.  Pool lift seats with backs will enable a larger population of persons with disabilities to use the lift.  Pool lift seats that consist of materials that resist corrosion and provide a firm base to transfer will be usable by a wider range of people with disabilities.  Additional options such as armrests, head rests, seat belts, and leg support will enhance accessibility and better accommodate people with a wide range of disabilities.

1009.2.1 Pool Lift Location.  Pool lifts shall be located where the water level does not exceed 48 inches (1220 mm).

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Where the entire pool depth is greater than 48 inches (1220 mm), compliance with 1009.2.1 shall not be required.

2.  Where multiple pool lift locations are provided, no more than one pool lift shall be required to be located in an area where the water level is 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum.

1009.2.2 Seat Location.  In the raised position, the centerline of the seat shall be located over the deck and 16 inches (405 mm) minimum from the edge of the pool.  The deck surface between the centerline of the seat and the pool edge shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48.

1009.2.3 Clear Deck Space.  On the side of the seat opposite the water, a clear deck space shall be provided parallel with the seat.  The space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum and shall extend forward 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum from a line located 12 inches (305 mm) behind the rear edge of the seat.  The clear deck space shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48.

1009.2.4 Seat Height.  The height of the lift seat shall be designed to allow a stop at 16 inches (405 mm) minimum to 19 inches (485 mm) maximum measured from the deck to the top of the seat surface when in the raised (load) position.

1009.2.5 Seat Width.  The seat shall be 16 inches (405 mm) wide minimum.

1009.2.6 Footrests and Armrests.  Footrests shall be provided and shall move with the seat.  If provided, the armrest positioned opposite the water shall be removable or shall fold clear of the seat when the seat is in the raised (load) position.

EXCEPTION:  Footrests shall not be required on pool lifts provided in spas.

1009.2.7 Operation.  The lift shall be capable of unassisted operation from both the deck and water levels. Controls and operating mechanisms shall be unobstructed when the lift is in use and shall comply with 309.4.

Advisory 1009.2.7 Operation.  Pool lifts must be capable of unassisted operation from both the deck and water levels.  This will permit a person to call the pool lift when the pool lift is in the opposite position.  It is extremely important for a person who is swimming alone to be able to call the pool lift when it is in the up position so he or she will not be stranded in the water for extended periods of time awaiting assistance.  The requirement for a pool lift to be independently operable does not preclude assistance from being provided.

1009.2.8 Submerged Depth.  The lift shall be designed so that the seat will submerge to a water depth of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum below the stationary water level.

1009.2.9 Lifting Capacity.  Single person pool lifts shall have a weight capacity of 300 pounds. (136 kg) minimum and be capable of sustaining a static load of at least one and a half times the rated load.

Advisory 1009.2.9 Lifting Capacity.  Single person pool lifts must be capable of supporting a minimum weight of 300 pounds (136 kg) and sustaining a static load of at least one and a half times the rated load.  Pool lifts should be provided that meet the needs of the population they serve.  Providing a pool lift with a weight capacity greater than 300 pounds (136 kg) may be advisable.

1009.3 Sloped Entries.  Sloped entries shall comply with 1009.3.

Advisory 1009.3 Sloped Entries.  Personal wheelchairs and mobility devices may not be appropriate for submerging in water. Some may have batteries, motors, and electrical systems that when submerged in water may cause damage to the personal mobility device or wheelchair or may contaminate the pool water. Providing an aquatic wheelchair made of non-corrosive materials and designed for access into the water will protect the water from contamination and avoid damage to personal wheelchairs or other mobility aids.

1009.3.1 Sloped Entries.  Sloped entries shall comply with Chapter 4 except as modified in 1009.3.1 through 1009.3.3.

EXCEPTION:  Where sloped entries are provided, the surfaces shall not be required to be slip resistant.

1009.3.2 Submerged Depth.  Sloped entries shall extend to a depth of 24 inches (610 mm) minimum and 30 inches (760 mm) maximum below the stationary water level. Where landings are required by 405.7, at least one landing shall be located 24 inches (610 mm) minimum and 30 inches (760 mm) maximum below the stationary water level.

EXCEPTION:  In wading pools, the sloped entry and landings, if provided, shall extend to the deepest part of the wading pool.

1009.3.3 Handrails.  At least two handrails complying with 505 shall be provided on the sloped entry.  The clear width between required handrails shall be 33 inches (840 mm) minimum and 38 inches (965 mm) maximum.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Handrail extensions specified by 505.10.1 shall not be required at the bottom landing serving a sloped entry.

2.  Where a sloped entry is provided for wave action pools, leisure rivers, sand bottom pools, and other pools where user access is limited to one area, the handrails shall not be required to comply with the clear width requirements of 1009.3.3.

3.  Sloped entries in wading pools shall not be required to provide handrails complying with 1009.3.3.  If provided, handrails on sloped entries in wading pools shall not be required to comply with 505.

1009.4 Transfer Walls.  Transfer walls shall comply with 1009.4.

1009.4.1 Clear Deck Space.  A clear deck space of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum with a slope not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer wall.  Where one grab bar is provided, the clear deck space shall be centered on the grab bar.  Where two grab bars are provided, the clear deck space shall be centered on the clearance between the grab bars.

1009.4.2 Height.  The height of the transfer wall shall be 16 inches (405 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum measured from the deck.

1009.4.3 Wall Depth and Length.  The depth of the transfer wall shall be 12 inches (305 mm) minimum and 16 inches (405 mm) maximum. The length of the transfer wall shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum and shall be centered on the clear deck space.

1009.4.4 Surface.  Surfaces of transfer walls shall not be sharp and shall have rounded edges.

1009.4.5 Grab Bars.  At least one grab bar complying with 609 shall be provided on the transfer wall.  Grab bars shall be perpendicular to the pool wall and shall extend the full depth of the transfer wall.  The top of the gripping surface shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm) maximum above transfer walls.  Where one grab bar is provided, clearance shall be 24 inches (610 mm) minimum on both sides of the grab bar. Where two grab bars are provided, clearance between grab bars shall be 24 inches (610 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTION:  Grab bars on transfer walls shall not be required to comply with 609.4.

1009.5 Transfer Systems.  Transfer systems shall comply with 1009.5.

1009.5.1 Transfer Platform.  A transfer platform shall be provided at the head of each transfer system.  Transfer platforms shall provide 19 inches (485 mm) minimum clear depth and 24 inches (610 mm) minimum clear width.

1009.5.2 Transfer Space.  A transfer space of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum with a slope not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer platform surface and shall be centered along a 24 inch (610 mm) minimum side of the transfer platform.  The side of the transfer platform serving the transfer space shall be unobstructed.

1009.5.3 Height.  The height of the transfer platform shall comply with 1009.4.2.

1009.5.4 Transfer Steps.  Transfer step height shall be 8 inches (205 mm) maximum. The surface of the bottom tread shall extend to a water depth of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum below the stationary water level.

Advisory 1009.5.4 Transfer Steps.  Where possible, the height of the transfer step should be minimized to decrease the distance an individual is required to lift up or move down to reach the next step to gain access.

1009.5.5 Surface.  The surface of the transfer system shall not be sharp and shall have rounded edges.

1009.5.6 Size.  Each transfer step shall have a tread clear depth of 14 inches (355 mm) minimum and 17 inches (430 mm) maximum and shall have a tread clear width of 24 inches (610 mm) minimum.

1009.5.7 Grab Bars.  At least one grab bar on each transfer step and the transfer platform or a continuous grab bar serving each transfer step and the transfer platform shall be provided.  Where a grab bar is provided on each step, the tops of gripping surfaces shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm) maximum above each step and transfer platform. Where a continuous grab bar is provided, the top of the gripping surface shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm) maximum above the step nosing and transfer platform.  Grab bars shall comply with 609 and be located on at least one side of the transfer system.  The grab bar located at the transfer platform shall not obstruct transfer.

EXCEPTION:  Grab bars on transfer systems shall not be required to comply with 609.4.

1009.6 Pool Stairs.  Pool stairs shall comply with 1009.6.

1009.6.1 Pool Stairs.  Pool stairs shall comply with 504.

EXCEPTION:  Pool step riser heights shall not be required to be 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum and 7 inches (180 mm) high maximum provided that riser heights are uniform.

1009.6.2 Handrails.  The width between handrails shall be 20 inches (510 mm) minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) maximum. Handrail extensions required by 505.10.3 shall not be required on pool stairs.

1010 Shooting Facilities with Firing Positions

1010.1 Turning Space.  A circular turning space 60 inches (1525 mm) diameter minimum with slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at shooting facilities with firing positions.

1011 Outdoor Constructed Features

1011.1 General.  All outdoor constructed features shall comply with 1011.2 and 1011.3.  Outdoor constructed features specified in 1011.4 through 1011.8 shall comply with those provisions, as applicable.

Advisory 1011.1 General.  The requirements in 1011 apply to outdoor constructed features provided within camping facilities, picnic facilities, viewing areas, and trailheads or on trails.

1011.2 Clear Ground Space.  A clear ground space complying with 1011.2 shall be provided at outdoor constructed features.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Where individual outdoor constructed features are altered and the ground surface is not altered, the clear ground space shall not be required to comply with 1011.2.2 and 1011.2.3.

2. In alterations, when an entity determines that a condition in 1019 does not permit full compliance with a specific provision in 1011.2, the clear ground space shall comply with the provision to the extent practicable.

1011.2.1 Size and Location. The size and location of the clear ground space shall be in accordance with Table 1011.2.1.  Unless otherwise specified in Table 1011.2.1, one full unobstructed side of the clear ground space shall adjoin or overlap an outdoor recreation access route or a trail, as applicable, or another clear ground space.

Table 1011.2.1 Clear Ground Space

Outdoor Constructed Feature	Minimum Size and Location
Picnic tables	36 inches (915 mm) on all usable sides of the table measured from the back edge of the benches
Fire rings, grills, fireplaces, and woodstoves	48 inches (1220 mm) by 48 inches (1220 mm) on all usable sides of the fire ring, grill, fireplace, and woodstove Center the space on each usable side of the grill, fireplace, and woodstove
Trash and recycling receptacles	36 inches (915 mm) by 48 inches (1220 mm) positioned for forward approach to the receptacle opening; or 30 inches (760 mm) by 60 inches (1525 mm) positioned for a parallel approach to the receptacle opening
Water hydrants	72 inches (1830 mm) by 48 inches (1220 mm) with the long side of the space adjoining or overlapping an outdoor recreation access route or trail, as applicable, or another clear ground space Locate the space so that the water spout is 11 inches (280 mm) minimum and 12 inches (305 mm) maximum from the rear center of the long side of the space
Utility and sewage hookups	30 inches (760 mm) by 60 inches (1525 mm) with the long side of the space adjoining or overlapping an accessible parking space or pull-up space for recreational vehicles Locate the space so that the hook-ups are at the rear center of the space Bollards or other barriers shall not obstruct the clear ground space in front of the hook-ups
Outdoor rinsing showers	60 inches (1525 mm) by 60 inches (1525 mm) centered on the shower heads Locate the space so that the shower pedestal or wall with the shower head are at the rear end of the space
Benches	36 inches (915 mm) by 48 inches (1220 mm) positioned near the bench with one side of the space adjoining an outdoor recreation access route or trail, as applicable The clear ground space shall not overlap the outdoor recreation access route or trail, or another clear ground space
Viewing Scopes	36 inches (915 mm) by 48 inches (1220 mm) positioned for forward approach to the viewing scope Provide knee and toe clearance complying with 306 under the viewing scope Locate the space so that the eyepiece is centered on the space

Advisory 1011.2.1 Size and Location.  The usable sides of picnic tables, fire rings, grills, fireplaces, and woodstoves are the sides of the outdoor constructed feature that can be used for eating or serving food, building a fire, or cooking.  All sides of picnic tables are generally usable, unless the picnic table is placed against a rock or tree that renders the side against the rock or tree not usable.  All sides of fire rings and grills are generally usable, unless there is a wall or other structure on a side that renders the side not usable. The front sides of fireplaces and woodstoves are generally the usable side.

1011.2.2 Surface. The surface of the clear ground space shall be firm and stable.

1011.2.3 Slope. The slope of the clear ground space surface shall not be steeper than 1:48 in any direction.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than asphalt, concrete, or boards, slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1011.2.4 Openings. Openings in the clear ground space surface shall not allow the passage of a sphere more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) in diameter.

Advisory 1011.2.4 Openings. Where possible, drainage grates should be located outside of the clear ground space surface. Elongated openings should be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular, or as close to perpendicular as possible, to the dominant direction of travel.

1011.3 Operable Parts. Operable parts shall comply with 309.3 and 309.4.

EXCEPTIONS:  1. Fire rings, grills, fireplaces, wood stoves, water hydrants, and water utility hookups shall comply with 309.4 to the extent practicable.

2. Trash and recycling receptacles with hinged lids and controls to keep out large animals shall comply with 309.4 to the extent practicable.

3. Dumpster type trash and recycling receptacles shall not be required to comply with 309.3 and 309.4.

4. Sewage hatches shall not be required to comply with 309.3 and 309.4.

Advisory 1011.3 Operable Parts. New products may be developed with operable parts that comply with 309.4. As products with operable parts that comply with 309.4 become available, entities should provide these products to enable individuals with disabilities to operate them.

1011.4 Picnic Tables.  Picnic tables shall comply with 1011.4.

1011.4.1 Height. The tops of picnic tables shall comply with 902.3.

1011.4.2 Wheelchair Space. Picnic tables shall provide at least one wheelchair space for each 24 linear feet (7320 mm) of usable table surface perimeter.  Wheelchair spaces shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.  Wheelchair spaces shall be positioned for a forward approach to the table and provide knee and toe clearance complying with 306 under the table.

1011.5 Fire Rings, Grills, Fireplaces, and Wood Stoves. Fire rings, grills, fireplaces, and wood stoves shall comply with 1011.5.

Advisory 1011.5 Fire Rings, Grills, Fireplaces, and Wood Stoves.  Fire rings with double walls or insulation on the sides are recommended to prevent burns.

1011.5.1 Fire Building Surfaces.  Fire building surfaces shall be 9 inches (230 mm) minimum above the ground.

1011.5.2 Cooking Surfaces.  Where provided, cooking surfaces shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 34 inches (865 mm) maximum above the ground.

1011.5.3 Raised Edges or Walls.  Where fire rings, grills, or fireplaces are constructed with raised edges or walls, the depth of the raised edge or wall shall be 10 inches (255 mm) maximum.

1011.6 Water Spouts.  Water spouts at water hydrants and water utility hook-ups shall be 28 inches (710 mm) minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) maximum above the ground.

1011.7 Outdoor Rinsing Showers.  Outdoor rinsing showers shall provide at least one hand-held shower spray unit with a hose 59 inches (1500 mm) long minimum. The hand-held shower spray unit shall have at least one fixed position located 15 inches minimum (380 mm) and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the ground.

EXCEPTION: Where vandalism is a consideration, a fixed shower head located at 48 in (1220 mm) above the ground shall be permitted in place of a hand-held shower spray unit.

1011.8 Viewing Scopes.  Eyepieces on viewing scopes shall be 43 inches (1090 mm) minimum and 51 inches (1295 mm) maximum above the ground.

1012 Parking Spaces Within Camping Units and Picnic Units and Pull-Up Spaces at Dump Stations

1012.1 General.  Parking spaces within camping units and picnic units with mobility features and pull-up spaces for recreational vehicles at dump stations shall comply with 1012.

1012.2 Recreational Vehicles.  Parking spaces and pull-up spaces for recreational vehicles shall be 20 feet (6100 mm) wide minimum.

EXCEPTION:  Where two adjacent parking spaces are provided for recreational vehicles, one parking space shall be permitted to be 16 feet (4880 mm) wide minimum.

1012.3 Other Vehicles.  Parking spaces for vehicles, other than recreational vehicles, shall be 16 feet (4880 mm) wide minimum.

EXCEPTION:  Where two adjacent parking spaces are provided for vehicles, other than recreational vehicles, one parking space shall be permitted to be 8 feet (2440 mm) wide minimum.

1012.4 Surface.  The surface of parking spaces and pull-up spaces shall be firm and stable.

1012.5 Slope.  The slope of the surface of parking spaces and pull-up spaces shall not be steeper than 1:48 in any direction.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than asphalt, concrete, or boards, slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1013 Tent Pads and Tent Platforms

1013.1 General.  Tent pads and tent platforms shall comply with 1013.

EXCEPTION:  When an entity determines that a condition in 1019 does not permit full compliance with a specific provision in 1013, the tent pad and tent platform shall comply with the provision to the extent practicable.

Advisory 1013.1 General.  Tent pads and tent platforms are defined spaces with prepared surfaces for setting up and securing tents.

1013.2 Clear Ground Space.  Clear ground space complying with 1013.2 shall be provided on all usable sides of tent pads and tent platforms.

1013.2.1 Size.  The clear ground space shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) wide minimum.

1013.2.2 Surface.  The surface of the clear ground space shall be firm and stable.  The surface shall allow use of tent stakes and other tent securement devices.

1013.3 Slope.  The slope of the surface of tent pads, tent platforms, and clear ground spaces shall not be steeper than 1:48 in any direction.

EXCEPTION: Where the surface is other than asphalt, concrete, or boards, slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted where necessary for drainage.

1013.4 Height.  Tent platforms shall be 19 inches (485 mm) high maximum measured from the clear ground space to the tent platform surface.

1014 Camp Shelters

1014.1 General.  Camp shelters shall comply with 1014.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  When an entity determines that a condition in 1019 does not permit full compliance with a specific provision in 1014, the camp shelter shall comply with the provision to the extent practicable.

2. Camp shelters shall not be required to comply with 307.

1014.2 Entrance. Camp shelters shall provide an entrance complying with 1014.2.1 or 1014.2.2.

1014.2.1 Transfer Access. Where transfer access is provided at the entrance to a camp shelter, the entrance shall comply with 1014.2.1.

1014.2.1.1 Clear Ground Space.  A clear ground space shall be provided at the entrance to the camp shelter.  The clear ground space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum and shall be positioned for a parallel approach to the camp shelter.  One full unobstructed side of the clear ground space shall adjoin or overlap an outdoor recreation access route or trail, as applicable, or another clear ground space.

1014.2.1.1.1 Surface.  The surface of the clear ground space shall be firm and stable.

1014.2.1.1.2 Slope.  The slope of the surface of the clear ground space shall not be steeper than 1:48 in any direction.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than asphalt, concrete, or boards, slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted where necessary for drainage.

1014.2.1.2 Floor Height. The camp shelter floor at the entrance shall be 19 inches (485 mm) high maximum measured from the clear ground space.

1014.2.2 Roll-in Access. Where roll-in access is provided at the entrance to a camp shelter, the entrance shall comply with 1014.2.2.

1014.2.2.1 Level or Sloped Entry Route. Camp shelters providing roll-in access shall have a level or sloped entry route complying 1016 or 1017, as applicable.

1014.2.2.2 Turning Space.  A turning space complying with 304.3 shall be provided within the camp shelter.

1014.3 Floor. The floor within camp shelters shall comply with 1014.3.

1014.3.1 Surface. The floor surface shall be firm and stable.

1014.3.2 Slope. The slope of the floor surface shall not be steeper than 1:48 in any direction.

EXCEPTION:  Where the floor surface is other than asphalt, concrete, or boards, slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1015 Viewing Areas

1015.1 General.  Viewing areas shall comply with 1015.

EXCEPTION:  In alterations, when an entity determines that a condition in 1019 does not permit full compliance with a specific provision in 1015, the viewing area shall comply with the provision to the extent practicable.

1015.2 Clear Ground Space.  The clear ground space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum and shall be positioned for either a forward or parallel approach to the viewing location.  One full unobstructed side of the clear ground space shall adjoin or overlap an outdoor recreation access route or trail, as applicable, or another clear ground space.

1015.3 Viewing Space.  Each distinct viewing location shall provide a viewing space adjacent to the clear ground space required by 1015.2 through which the point of interest is viewable. The viewing space shall be 32 inches (815 mm) maximum and 51 inches (1295 mm) minimum high above the ground and shall extend the full width of the clear ground space.

EXCEPTION:  Guards or similar safety barriers shall be permitted to obstruct the viewing space to the extent the obstruction is necessary for the guard or safety barrier to serve its intended purpose.

1015.4 Turning Space.  A turning space complying with 304.3 shall be provided within viewing areas.

1015.5 Surface.  The surface of clear ground spaces and turning spaces shall be firm and stable.

1015.6 Slope.  The slope of the surface of clear ground spaces and turning spaces shall not be steeper than 1:48 in any direction.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than asphalt, concrete, or boards, slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1016 Outdoor Recreation Access Routes

1016.1 General.  Outdoor recreation access routes shall comply with 1016.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  In alterations to existing camping facilities, picnic facilities, and trailheads, when an entity determines that a condition in 1019 does not permit full compliance with a specific provision in 1016 on a portion of an outdoor recreation access route, the portion of the outdoor recreation access route shall comply with the provision to the extent practicable.

2.  At viewing areas, when an entity determines that a condition in 1019 does not permit full compliance on a portion of an outdoor recreation access route with a specific provision in 1016, the portion of the outdoor recreation access route shall comply with the provision to the extent practicable.

3.  Where outdoor recreation access routes are provided within vehicular ways, outdoor recreation access routes shall not be required to comply with 1016.4, 1016.7, and 1016.8.

1016.2 Surface.  The surface of outdoor recreation access routes, passing spaces, and resting intervals shall be firm and stable.

1016.3 Clear Width.  The clear width of outdoor recreation access routes shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.

1016.4 Passing Spaces.  Outdoor recreation access routes with a clear width less than 60 inches (1525 mm) shall provide passing spaces complying with 1016.4 at intervals of 200 feet (61 m) maximum.  Passing spaces and resting intervals shall be permitted to overlap.

Advisory 1016.4 Passing Spaces.  Entities should consider providing either a 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum clear width on outdoor recreation access routes or passing spaces at shorter intervals if the clear width is less than 60 inches (1525 mm), where the route is:
• Heavily used or adjoins elements, space, or facilities that are heavily used; or
• A boardwalk or otherwise not at the same level as the ground surface adjoining the route.

1016.4.1 Size.  The passing space shall be either:

1. A space 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum; or
2. The intersection of two outdoor recreation access routes providing a T-shaped space complying with 304.3.2 where the base and the arms of the T-shaped space extend 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum beyond the intersection.  Vertical alignment at the intersection of the outdoor recreation access routes that form the T-shaped space shall be nominally planar.

Advisory 1016.4.1 Size. Where the passing space is the intersection of two outdoor recreation access routes, the intersection must be as flat as possible so that all of the wheels of a mobility device touch the ground when turning into and out of the passing space.

1016.5 Obstacles. Obstacles on outdoor recreation access routes, passing spaces, and resting intervals shall not exceed 1/2 inch (13 mm) in height measured vertically to the highest point.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than asphalt, concrete, or boards, obstacles shall be permitted to not exceed 1 inch (25 mm) in height measured vertically to the highest point.

Advisory 1016.5 Obstacles.  The vertical alignment of joints in concrete, asphalt, or board surfaces can be obstacles.  Natural features such as tree roots and rocks on outdoor recreation access routes can also be obstacles.  Where an outdoor recreation access route is provided within a vehicular way, traffic calming devices can be obstacles.  Where possible, obstacles that cross the full width of outdoor recreation access routes should be separated by a distance of 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.

1016.6 Openings.  Openings in the surface of outdoor recreation access routes shall not allow the passage of a sphere more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) in diameter.

Advisory 1016.6 Openings.  Spaces between the boards in a boardwalk and drainage grates are examples of openings.  Where possible, drainage grates should be located outside the minimum clear width of the outdoor recreation access route. Elongated openings should be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular, or as close to perpendicular as possible, to the dominant direction of travel.

1016.7 Slopes.  The slopes of outdoor recreation access routes shall comply with 1016.7.

1016.7.1 Maximum Running Slope and Segment Length.  The running slope of any segment of an outdoor recreation access route shall not be steeper than 1:10 (10%).  
Where the running slope of a segment of an outdoor recreation access route is steeper than 1:20 (5%), the maximum length of the segment shall be in accordance with Table 1016.7.1, and a resting interval complying with 1016.8 shall be provided at the top and bottom of each segment.

Table 1016.7.1 Maximum Running Slope and Segment Length

Running Slope of Outdoor Recreation Access Route Segment		Maximum Length of Segment
Steeper than	But not Steeper than
1:20 (5%)	1:12 (8.33%)	50 feet (15 m)
1:12 (8.33%)	1:10 (10%)	30 feet (9 m)

Advisory 1016.7.1 Maximum Running Slope and Segment Length.  Gradual running slopes are more useable by individuals with disabilities.  Where the terrain results in steeper running slopes, resting intervals are required more frequently. Where running slopes are less severe, resting intervals are permitted to be further apart.

1016.7.2 Cross Slope.  The cross slope shall not be steeper than 1:48.

EXCEPTION: Where the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, cross slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1016.8 Resting Intervals.  Resting intervals shall comply with 1016.8.

1016.8.1 Length.  The resting interval length shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.

1016.8.2 Width.  Where resting intervals are provided within an outdoor recreation access route, resting intervals shall be at least as wide as the widest segment of the outdoor recreation access route leading to the resting interval. Where resting intervals are provided adjacent to an outdoor recreation access route, the resting interval shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum.

1016.8.3 Slope.  Resting intervals shall have slopes not steeper than 1:48 in any direction.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1016.8.4 Turning Space.  Where resting intervals are provided adjacent to an outdoor recreation access route, a turning space complying with 304.3.2 shall be provided.  
Vertical alignment between the outdoor recreation access route, turning space, and resting interval shall be nominally planar.

1016.9 Protruding Objects.  Constructed elements on outdoor recreation access routes, passing spaces, and resting intervals shall comply with 307.

Advisory 1016.9 Protruding Objects.  Protruding objects on outdoor recreation access routes, passing spaces, and resting intervals can be hazardous for individuals who are blind or have low vision.  Signs and other post mounted objects are examples of constructed elements that can be protruding objects.

1017 Trails

1017.1 General.  Trails shall comply with 1017.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  When an entity determines that a condition in 1019 does not permit full compliance with a specific provision in 1017 on a portion of a trail, the portion of the trail shall comply with the provision to the extent practicable.  
2.  After applying Exception 1, when an entity determines that it is impracticable for the entire trail to comply with 1017, the trail shall not be required to comply with 1017. 

Advisory 1017.1 General Exception 2.  An entity must apply Exception 1 before using Exception 2.  The entity should consider the portions of the trail that can and cannot fully comply with the specific provisions in 1017 and the extent of compliance where full compliance cannot be achieved when determining whether it would be impracticable for the entire trail to comply with 1017.  The determination is made on a case-by-case basis. Federal agencies must document the basis for their determination when using Exceptions 1 or 2, and must notify the Access Board when using Exception 2. See F201.4.1.

1017.2 Surface.  The surface of trails, passing spaces, and resting intervals shall be firm and stable.

Advisory 1017.2 Surface.  A firm trail surface resists deformation by indentations. A stable trail surface is not permanently affected by expected weather conditions and can sustain normal wear and tear from the expected uses between planned maintenance.

1017.3 Clear Tread Width. The clear tread width of trails shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.

1017.4 Passing Spaces.  Trails with a clear tread width less than 60 inches (1525 mm) shall provide passing spaces complying with 1017.4 at intervals of 1000 feet (300 m) maximum.  Where the full length of a trail does not fully comply with 1017, a passing space shall be located at the end of the trail segment that fully complies with 1017. Passing spaces and resting intervals shall be permitted to overlap.

Advisory 1017.4 Passing Spaces. Entities should consider providing either a 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum clear tread width or passing spaces at shorter intervals if the clear tread width is less than 60 inches (1525 mm), where a trail is:
• Heavily used; or
• A boardwalk or otherwise not at the same level as the ground surface adjoining the trail.
Where the full length of the trail does not fully comply with 1017, locating a passing space at the end of the trail segment that fully complies with 1017 enables a person who uses a mobility device to turn and exit the trail.

1017.4.1 Size.  The passing space shall be either:

1. A space 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum; or
2. The intersection of two trails providing a T-shaped space complying with 304.3.2 where the base and the arms of the T-shaped space extend 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum beyond the intersection. Vertical alignment at the intersection of the trails that form the T-shaped space shall be nominally planar.

Advisory 1017.4.1 Size. Where the passing space is the intersection of two trails, the intersection must be as flat as possible so that all of the wheels of a mobility device touch the ground when turning into and out of the passing space.

1017.5 Tread Obstacles.  Tread obstacles on trails, passing spaces, and resting intervals shall not exceed 1/2 inch (13 mm) in height measured vertically to the highest point.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than asphalt, concrete, or boards, tread obstacles shall be permitted to not exceed 2 inches (50 mm) in height measured vertically to the highest point.

Advisory 1017.5 Tread Obstacles.  The vertical alignment of joints in concrete, asphalt, or board surfaces can be tread obstacles.  Natural features such as tree roots and rocks within the trail tread can also be tread obstacles.  Where possible, tread obstacles that cross the full width of the trail tread should be separated by a distance of 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.

1017.6 Openings.  Openings in the surface of trails, passing spaces, and resting intervals shall not allow the passage of a sphere more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) in diameter.

Advisory 1017.6 Openings.  Elongated openings should be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular, or as close to perpendicular as possible, to the dominant direction of travel.

1017.7 Slopes.  The slopes of trails shall comply with 1017.7.

1017.7.1 Maximum Running Slope and Segment Length.  Not more than 30 percent of the total length of a trail shall have a running slope steeper than 1:12 (8.33%). The running slope of any segment of a trail shall not be steeper than 1:8 (12%).  Where the running slope of a segment of a trail is steeper than 1:20 (5%), the maximum length of the segment shall be in accordance with Table 1017.7.1, and a resting interval complying with 1017.8 shall be provided at the top and bottom of each segment.

Table 1017.7.1 Maximum Running Slope and Segment Length

Running Slope of Trail Segment		Maximum Length of Segment
Steeper than	But not Steeper than
1:20 (5%)	1:12 (8.33%)	200 feet (61 m)
1:12 (8.33%)	1:10 (10%)	30 feet (9 m)
1:10 (10%)	1:8 (12%)	10 feet (3050 mm)

Advisory 1017.7.1 Maximum Running Slope and Segment Length.  Gradual running slopes on trails are more useable by individuals with disabilities.  Where the terrain results in steeper running slopes, resting intervals are required more frequently. Where running slopes are less severe, resting intervals are permitted to be further apart.

1017.7.2 Cross Slope.  The cross slope shall be not be steeper than 1:48.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, cross slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1017.8 Resting Intervals.  Resting intervals shall comply with 1017.8.

1017.8.1 Length.  The resting interval length shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.

1017.8.2 Width.  Where resting intervals are provided within the trail tread, resting intervals shall be at least as wide as the widest segment of the trail tread leading to the resting interval.  Where resting intervals are provided adjacent to the trail tread, the resting interval clear width shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.

1017.8.3 Slope.  Resting intervals shall have slopes not steeper than 1:48 in any direction.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, cross slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1017.8.4 Turning Space.  Where resting intervals are provided adjacent to the trail tread, a turning space complying with 304.3.2 shall be provided.  Vertical alignment between the trail tread, turning space, and resting interval shall be nominally planar.

1017.9 Protruding Objects.  Constructed elements on trails, passing spaces, and resting intervals shall comply with 307.

Advisory 1017.9 Protruding Objects.  Protruding objects on trails, passing spaces, and resting intervals can be hazardous for individuals who are blind or have low vision.  Signs and other post mounted objects are examples of constructed elements that can be protruding objects.

1017.10 Trailhead Signs. Trail information signs at trailheads shall include the following:

1. Length of the trail or trail segment; 
2. Surface type; 
3. Typical and minimum tread width; 
4. Typical and maximum running slope; and 
5. Typical and maximum cross slope.

1018 Beach Access Routes

1018.1 General.  Beach access routes shall comply with 1018.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  When an entity determines that a condition in 1019 does not permit full compliance with a specific provision in 1018 on a portion of a beach access route, the portion of the beach access route shall comply with the provision to the extent practicable. 

2.  After applying Exception 1, when an entity determines that it is impracticable to provide a beach access route complying with 1018, a beach access route shall not be required. 

3.  Removable beach access routes shall not be required to comply with 1018.7, 1018.8, and 1018.10.

Advisory 1018.1 General Exception 2.  An entity must apply Exception 1 before using Exception 2. The entity should consider the portions of the beach access route that can and cannot fully comply with the specific provisions in 1018 and the extent of compliance where full compliance cannot be achieved to determine whether it would be impracticable to provide a beach access route complying with 1018.  The determination is made on a case-by-case basis. Federal agencies must document the basis for their determination when using Exceptions 1 or 2, and must notify the Access Board when using Exception 2. See F201.4.1.

1018.2 Connections.  Beach access routes shall connect an entry point to the beach to the:

1. High tide level at tidal beaches; 
2. Mean high water level at river beaches; or 
3. Normal recreation water level at lake, pond, and reservoir beaches.

1018.3 Surface.  The surface of beach access routes and resting intervals shall be firm and stable.

1018.4 Clear Width.  The clear width of beach access routes shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTION:  At dune crossings, the clear width of beach access routes that are not removable shall be permitted to be reduced to 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.

1018.5 Obstacles.  Obstacles on beach access routes and resting intervals shall not exceed 1/2 inch (13 mm) in height measured vertically to the highest point.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than asphalt, concrete, or boards, obstacles shall be permitted to not exceed 1 inch (25 mm) in height measured vertically to the highest point.

Advisory 1018.5 Obstacles.  The vertical alignment of boards on a beach access route or removable sections of a beach access route can be obstacles.

1018.6 Openings.  Openings in the surface of beach access routes and resting intervals shall not allow the passage of a sphere more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) in diameter.

Advisory 1018.6 Openings.  Elongated openings should be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular, or as close to perpendicular as possible, to the dominant direction of travel.

1018.7 Slopes.  The slopes of beach access routes shall comply with 1018.7.

1018.7.1 Maximum Running Slope and Segment Length.  The running slope of any segment of a beach access route shall not be steeper than 1:10 (10%).  Where the running slope of a segment of a beach access route is steeper than 1:20 (5%), the maximum length of the segment shall be in accordance with Table 1018.7.1, and a resting interval complying with 1018.8 shall be provided at the top and bottom of each segment.

Table 1018.7.1 Maximum Running Slope and Segment Length

Running Slope of Beach Access Route Segment		Maximum Length of Segment
Steeper than	But not Steeper than
1:20 (5%)	1:12 (8.33%)	50 feet (15 m)
1:12 (8.33%)	1:10 (10%)	30 feet (9 m)

Advisory 1018.7.1 Maximum Running Slope and Segment Length.  Gradual running slopes on beach access routes are more useable by individuals with disabilities.  Where the terrain results in steeper running slopes, resting intervals are required more frequently. When running slopes are less severe, resting intervals are permitted to be further apart.

1018.7.2 Cross Slope.  The cross slope shall not be steeper than 1:48.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, cross slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1018.8 Resting Intervals.  Resting intervals shall comply with 1018.8.

1018.8.1 Size.  Resting intervals shall be 60 inches minimum (1525 mm) by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.

1018.8.2 Slope.  Resting intervals shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48 in any direction.

EXCEPTION:  Where the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, cross slopes not steeper than 1:20 shall be permitted when necessary for drainage.

1018.9 Protruding Objects.  Constructed elements on beach access routes and resting intervals shall comply with 307.

Advisory 1018.9 Protruding Objects.  Protruding objects on beach access routes and resting intervals can be hazardous for individuals who are blind or have low vision.  Signs and other post mounted objects are examples of constructed elements that can be protruding objects.

1018.10 Dune Crossings.  Where the slope of a beach access route at a dune crossing is steeper than 1:20 (5%), handrails complying with 505 and curbs or barriers shall be provided. The curbs or barriers shall prevent the passage of a 2 inch (50 mm) diameter sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 2 inches (50 mm) of the crossing surface.

1019 Conditions for Exceptions

1019.1 General.  Exceptions to specific provisions in 1011, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, and 1018 shall be permitted when an entity determines that any of the following conditions does not permit full compliance with the provision:

1. Compliance is not practicable due to terrain. 
2. Compliance cannot be accomplished with the prevailing construction practices. 
3. Compliance would fundamentally alter the function or purpose of the facility or the setting. 
4. Compliance is limited or precluded by any of the following laws, or by decisions or opinions issued or agreements executed pursuant to any of the following laws:

• Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. §§ 1531 et seq.);
• National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. §§ 4321 et seq.);
• National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. §§ 470 et seq.);
• Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. §§ 1131 et seq.); or
• Other federal, state, or local law the purpose of which is to preserve threatened or endangered species; the environment; or archaeological, cultural, historical, or other significant natural features.

Advisory 1019.1 General.  Exceptions in the following sections require compliance to the extent practicable when an entity determines that a condition in 1019 does not permit full compliance with a specific provision: 
• 1011.2 Exception (clear ground space in alterations to outdoor constructed features); 
• 1013.2 Exception (any provision for tent pads and tent platforms); 
• 1014.1 Exception 1 (any provision for camp shelters); 
• 1015.1 Exception (any provision in alterations to viewing areas); 
• 1016.1 Exception 1 (any provision for outdoor recreation access routes in alterations to existing camping facilities, picnic facilities, and trailheads);
• 1016.1 Exception 2 (any provision for outdoor recreation access routes at viewing areas);
• 1017.1 Exception 1 (any provision for trails); and 
• 1018.1 Exception 1 (any provision for beach access routes).

Entities should consider all design options before using the exceptions. On outdoor recreation access routes, trails, and beach access routes, the exceptions apply only on the portion of the route where the condition applies.  The outdoor recreation access route, trail, or beach access route is required to fully comply with the provisions in 1016, 1017, and 1018, as applicable, at all other portions of the route where the conditions do not apply. There are additional exceptions that apply to an entire trail or beach access route in 1017.1 and 1018.1.

Condition 4 allows the following to be a basis for using the exceptions:
• Opinions issued by the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to the Endangered Species Act stating how a federal agency can implement an action without jeopardizing the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species, or destroying or adversely modifying the habitat of such species (16 U.S.C. 1536 (b) (3) (A)); 
• Decisions issued by a federal agency pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act in actions requiring environmental impact statements stating how it will avoid or minimize environmental harm (42 U.S.C. 4332; 40 CFR 1505.2);
• Agreements executed or decisions issued by a federal agency pursuant to National Historic Preservation Act stating how it will avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects on historical properties (16 U.S.C. 470f and 470h-2; 36 CFR 800.6 (b) (iv) and 800.7 (c) (4)); and 
• Provisions in the Wilderness Act that require federal agencies to preserve the wilderness character of designated wilderness areas and prohibit any structure or installation within such areas (16 U.S.C. 1131 (b) and (c)).

Condition 4 also applies where archaeological, cultural, historical, or other significant natural features are eligible for protection under federal, state, or local law.