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Americans with Disabilities Act

Accessibility Standards

401 General

401.1 Scope.  The provisions of Chapter 4 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a requirement in this document.

402 Accessible Routes

402.1 General.  Accessible routes shall comply with 402.

402.2 Components.  Accessible routes shall consist of one or more of the following components: walking surfaces with a running slope not steeper than 1:20, doorways, ramps, curb ramps excluding the flared sides, elevators, and platform lifts.  All components of an accessible route shall comply with the applicable requirements of Chapter 4.

Advisory 402.2 Components.  Walking surfaces must have running slopes not steeper than 1:20, see 403.3.  Other components of accessible routes, such as ramps (405) and curb ramps (406), are permitted to be more steeply sloped.

403 Walking Surfaces

403.1 General.  Walking surfaces that are a part of an accessible route shall comply with 403.

403.2 Floor or Ground Surface.  Floor or ground surfaces shall comply with 302.

403.3 Slope.  The running slope of walking surfaces shall not be steeper than 1:20.  The cross slope of walking surfaces shall not be steeper than 1:48.

403.4 Changes in Level.  Changes in level shall comply with 303.

403.5 Clearances.  Walking surfaces shall provide clearances complying with 403.5.

EXCEPTION:  Within employee work areas, clearances on common use circulation paths shall be permitted to be decreased by work area equipment provided that the decrease is essential to the function of the work being performed.

403.5.1 Clear Width.  Except as provided in 403.5.2 and 403.5.3, the clear width of walking surfaces shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTION:  The clear width shall be permitted to be reduced to 32 inches (815 mm) minimum for a length of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum provided that reduced width segments are separated by segments that are 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum.

Figure 403.5.1 Clear Width of an Accessible Route
Shown in plan view, the minimum clear width of walking surfaces is 36 inches (915 mm) minimum, but can be reduced to 32 inches (815 mm) for a length of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum, provided that the reduced width segments are at least 48 inches (1220 mm) apart.

403.5.2 Clear Width at Turn.  Where the accessible route makes a 180 degree turn around an element which is less than 48 inches (1220 mm) wide, clear width shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum approaching the turn, 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum at the turn and 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum leaving the turn.

EXCEPTION:  Where the clear width at the turn is 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum compliance with 403.5.2 shall not be required.

Figure 403.5.2 Clear Width at Turn
Two alternative plan views are shown of an accessible route that has a 180 degree turn about an object less than 48 inches (1220 mm) wide.  In figure (a), the clear width is 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum approaching the turn, 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum at the turn, and 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum leaving the turn.  In figure (b), the clear width is 36 inches (915 mm) minimum approaching the turn, 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum at the turn, and 36 inches (915 mm) minimum leaving the turn.

403.5.3 Passing Spaces.  An accessible route with a clear width less than 60 inches (1525 mm) shall provide passing spaces at intervals of 200 feet (61 m) maximum.  Passing spaces shall be either: a space 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum; or, an intersection of two walking surfaces providing a T-shaped space complying with 304.3.2 where the base and arms of the T-shaped space extend 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum beyond the intersection.

403.6 Handrails.  Where handrails are provided along walking surfaces with running slopes not steeper than 1:20 they shall comply with 505.

Advisory 403.6 Handrails.  Handrails provided in elevator cabs and platform lifts are not required to comply with the requirements for handrails on walking surfaces.

404 Doors, Doorways, and Gates

404.1 General.  Doors, doorways, and gates that are part of an accessible route shall comply with 404.

EXCEPTION:  Doors, doorways, and gates designed to be operated only by security personnel shall not be required to comply with 404.2.7, 404.2.8, 404.2.9, 404.3.2 and 404.3.4 through 404.3.7.

Advisory 404.1 General Exception.  Security personnel must have sole control of doors that are eligible for the Exception at 404.1.  It would not be acceptable for security personnel to operate the doors for people with disabilities while allowing others to have independent access.

404.2 Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates.  Manual doors and doorways and manual gates intended for user passage shall comply with 404.2.

404.2.1 Revolving Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles.  Revolving doors, revolving gates, and turnstiles shall not be part of an accessible route.

404.2.2 Double-Leaf Doors and Gates.  At least one of the active leaves of doorways with two leaves shall comply with 404.2.3 and 404.2.4.

404.2.3 Clear Width.  Door openings shall provide a clear width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum. Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees.  Openings more than 24 inches (610 mm) deep shall provide a clear opening of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum. There shall be no projections into the required clear opening width lower than 34 inches (865 mm) above the finish floor or ground.  Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (865 mm) and 80 inches (2030 mm) above the finish floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (100 mm).

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  In alterations, a projection of 5/8 inch (16 mm) maximum into the required clear width shall be permitted for the latch side stop.

2.  Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to be 78 inches (1980 mm) minimum above the finish floor or ground.

Figure 404.2.3 Clear Width of Doorways
Figure (a) shows in plan view a hinged door open 90 degrees with a clear opening width 32 inches (815 mm) minimum, measured from the face of the door to the opposite stop.  Figure (b) shows an open sliding door with a clear opening width 32 inches (815 mm) minimum.  Figure (c) shows an open folding door with a clear opening width 32 inches (815 mm) minimum.

404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances.  Minimum maneuvering clearances at doors and gates shall comply with 404.2.4.  Maneuvering clearances shall extend the full width of the doorway and the required latch side or hinge side clearance.

EXCEPTION:  Entry doors to hospital patient rooms shall not be required to provide the clearance beyond the latch side of the door.

404.2.4.1 Swinging Doors and Gates.  Swinging doors and gates shall have maneuvering clearances complying with Table 404.2.4.1.

Table 404.2.4.1 Maneuvering Clearances at Manual Swinging Doors and Gates
Type of UseMinimum Maneuvering Clearance
Approach DirectionDoor or Gate SidePerpendicular to DoorwayParallel to Doorway (beyond latch side unless noted)
1. Add 12 inches (305 mm) if closer and latch are provide
2. Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer and latch are provided.
3. Beyond hinge side.
4. Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer is provided.
From front Pull 60 inches (1525 mm) 18 inches (455 mm)
From front Push 48 inches (1220 mm) 0 inches (0 mm) 1
From hinge side Pull 60 inches (1525 mm) 36 inches (915 mm)
From hinge side Pull 54 inches (1370 mm) 42 inches (1065 mm)
From hinge side Push 42 inches (1065 mm) 2 22 inches (560 mm) 3
From latch side Pull 48 inches (1220 mm) 4 24 inches (610 mm)
From latch side Push 42 inches (1065 mm) 4 24 inches (610 mm)
Figure 404.2.4.1 Maneuvering Clearances at Manual Swinging Doors and Gates
Figures (a) – (c) Front Approaches.  Maneuvering space on the pull side extends 18 inches (455 mm) minimum beyond the latch side of the door and 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway.  On the push side of doors not equipped with a closer or latch, the maneuvering space is the same width as the door opening and extends 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway.  At doors equipped with both a closer and a latch, the maneuvering space extends 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the latch side of the door and 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway.  Figures (d) – (f) Hinge Approaches.  Maneuvering space on the pull side extends 36 inches (915 mm) minimum beyond the latch side of the door and 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway; if this space extends 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum beyond the latch side of the door, it can extend 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway.
Figure (g) Hinge Approach.  On the push side, maneuvering space extends 22 inches (560 mm) from the hinge side of the doorway and 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway at doors with both a closer and a latch or 42 inches (1065 mm) at doors that do not have both a closer and a latch.  Figures (h) – (k) Latch Approaches.  Maneuvering space on the pull side extends 24 inches (915 mm) minimum beyond the latch side of the door and 54 inches (1525 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway; if the door has both a closer and a latch; if the door does not, the space can be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum measured perpendicular to the doorway.  On the push side, maneuvering space extends 24 inches (560 mm) from the latch side of the doorway and 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway if the door has both a closer and a latch; if it does not, the space can extend 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum measured perpendicular to the doorway.

404.2.4.2 Doorways without Doors or Gates, Sliding Doors, and Folding Doors.  Doorways less than 36 inches (915 mm) wide without doors or gates, sliding doors, or folding doors shall have maneuvering clearances complying with Table 404.2.4.2.

Table 404.2.4.2 Maneuvering Clearances at
Doorways without Doors or Gates, Manual Sliding Doors, and Manual Folding Doors
Approach DirectionMinimum Maneuvering Clearance
Perpendicular to DoorwayParallel to Doorway (beyond stop/latch side unless noted)
  1. Doorway with no door only.
  2. Beyond pocket/hinge side.
From Front 48 inches (1220 mm) 0 inches (0 mm)
From side¹ 42 inches (1065 mm) 0 inches (0 mm)
From pocket/hinge side 42 inches (1065 mm) 22 inches (560 mm)²
From stop/latch side 42 inches (1065 mm) 24 inches (610 mm)
Figure 404.2.4.2 Maneuvering Clearances at 
Doorways without Doors, Sliding Doors, Gates, and Folding Doors
Figure 404.2.4.2 Maneuvering Clearances at Doorways without Doors, Manual Sliding Doors, and Manual Folding Doors. Figure (a) shows a front approach to a sliding or folding (accordion) door.  Maneuvering clearance is as wide as the door opening and 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum perpendicular to the opening.  Figure (b) shows a doorway without a door.  For a side approach, maneuvering clearance is as wide as the doorway and 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway.  Figure (c) shows a pocket or hinge approach.  Maneuvering clearance extends 22 inches (560 mm) from the pocket or hinge side and is 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway.  Figure (d) shows a stop or latch approach.  Maneuvering clearance extends 24 inches (610 mm) from the stop or latch side and is 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum perpendicular to the doorway. 

404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates.  Maneuvering clearances for forward approach shall be provided when any obstruction within 18 inches (455 mm) of the latch side of a doorway projects more than 8 inches (205 mm) beyond the face of the door, measured perpendicular to the face of the door or gate.

Advisory 404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates.  A door can be recessed due to wall thickness or because of the placement of casework and other fixed elements adjacent to the doorway.  This provision must be applied wherever doors are recessed.

Figure 404.2.4.3 Maneuvering Clearances at Recessed Doors and Gates
Figure 404.2.4.3 Maneuvering Clearance at Recessed Doors and Gates.  Figures (a) – (c) show front approaches at doors recessed more than 8 inches (455 mm).  Maneuvering space on the pull side extends 18 inches (455 mm) minimum beyond the latch side of the door and 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum perpendicular to the plane of the doorway.  On the push side of doors not equipped with a closer or latch, the maneuvering space is the same width as the door opening and extends 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum perpendicular to the plane of the doorway.  At doors equipped with both a closer and a latch, the maneuvering space extends 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the latch side of the door and 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum measured perpendicular to the plane of the doorway.

404.2.4.4 Floor or Ground Surface.  Floor or ground surface within required maneuvering clearances shall comply with 302.  Changes in level are not permitted.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.

2.  Changes in level at thresholds complying with 404.2.5 shall be permitted.

404.2.5 Thresholds.  Thresholds, if provided at doorways, shall be 1/2 inch (13 mm) high maximum.  Raised thresholds and changes in level at doorways shall comply with 302 and 303.

EXCEPTION:  Existing or altered thresholds 3/4 inch (19 mm) high maximum that have a beveled edge on each side with a slope not steeper than 1:2 shall not be required to comply with 404.2.5.

404.2.6 Doors in Series and Gates in Series.  The distance between two hinged or pivoted doors in series and gates in series shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum plus the width of doors or gates swinging into the space.

Figure 404.2.6 Doors in Series and Gates in Series
Figure (a) shows two doors in series which swing in the same direction.  Space between the doors must be at least 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum plus the width of the in-swinging door.  Figure (b) shows two doors in series which swing away from the space between the doors.  The space separating the doors must be at least 48 inches (1220 mm) long.  Figure (c) shows two doors in series which both swing in towards the space between the doors.  The space separating the doors must be at least 48 inches (1220 mm) plus the width of both in-swinging doors

404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware.  Handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operable parts on doors and gates shall comply with 309.4.  Operable parts of such hardware shall be 34 inches (865 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.  Where sliding doors are in the fully open position, operating hardware shall be exposed and usable from both sides.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Existing locks shall be permitted in any location at existing glazed doors without stiles, existing overhead rolling doors or grilles, and similar existing doors or grilles that are designed with locks that are activated only at the top or bottom rail.

2.  Access gates in barrier walls and fences protecting pools, spas, and hot tubs shall be permitted to have operable parts of the release of latch on self-latching devices at 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground provided the self-latching devices are not also self-locking devices and operated by means of a key, electronic opener, or integral combination lock.

Advisory 404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware.  Door hardware that can be operated with a closed fist or a loose grip accommodates the greatest range of users. Hardware that requires simultaneous hand and finger movements require greater dexterity and coordination, and is not recommended.

404.2.8 Closing Speed.  Door and gate closing speed shall comply with 404.2.8.

404.2.8.1 Door Closers and Gate Closers.  Door closers and gate closers shall be adjusted so that from an open position of 90 degrees, the time required to move the door to a position of 12 degrees from the latch is 5 seconds minimum.

404.2.8.2 Spring Hinges.  Door and gate spring hinges shall be adjusted so that from the open position of 70 degrees, the door or gate shall move to the closed position in 1.5 seconds minimum.

404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force.  Fire doors shall have a minimum opening force allowable by the appropriate administrative authority.  The force for pushing or pulling open a door or gate other than fire doors shall be as follows:

  1. Interior hinged doors and gates:  5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum.
  2. Sliding or folding doors:  5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum.

These forces do not apply to the force required to retract latch bolts or disengage other devices that hold the door or gate in a closed position.

Advisory 404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force.  The maximum force pertains to the continuous application of force necessary to fully open a door, not the initial force needed to overcome the inertia of the door.  It does not apply to the force required to retract bolts or to disengage other devices used to keep the door in a closed position.

404.2.10 Door and Gate Surfaces.  Swinging door and gate surfaces within 10 inches (255 mm) of the finish floor or ground measured vertically shall have a smooth surface on the push side extending the full width of the door or gate.  Parts creating horizontal or vertical joints in these surfaces shall be within 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of the same plane as the other.  Cavities created by added kick plates shall be capped.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Sliding doors shall not be required to comply with 404.2.10.

2.  Tempered glass doors without stiles and having a bottom rail or shoe with the top leading edge tapered at 60 degrees minimum from the horizontal shall not be required to meet the 10 inch (255 mm) bottom smooth surface height requirement.

3.  Doors and gates that do not extend to within 10 inches (255 mm) of the finish floor or ground shall not be required to comply with 404.2.10.

4.  Existing doors and gates without smooth surfaces within 10 inches (255 mm) of the finish floor or ground shall not be required to provide smooth surfaces complying with 404.2.10 provided that if added kick plates are installed, cavities created by such kick plates are capped.

404.2.11 Vision Lights.  Doors, gates, and side lights adjacent to doors or gates, containing one or more glazing panels that permit viewing through the panels shall have the bottom of at least one glazed panel located 43 inches (1090 mm) maximum above the finish floor.

EXCEPTION:  Vision lights with the lowest part more than 66 inches (1675 mm) from the finish floor or ground shall not be required to comply with 404.2.11.

404.3 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates.  Automatic doors and automatic gates shall comply with 404.3.  Full-powered automatic doors shall comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.10 (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).  Low-energy and power-assisted doors shall comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.19 (1997 or 2002 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).

404.3.1 Clear Width.  Doorways shall provide a clear opening of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum in power-on and power-off mode.  The minimum clear width for automatic door systems in a doorway shall be based on the clear opening provided by all leaves in the open position.

404.3.2 Maneuvering Clearance.  Clearances at power-assisted doors and gates shall comply with 404.2.4.  Clearances at automatic doors and gates without standby power and serving an accessible means of egress shall comply with 404.2.4.

EXCEPTION: Where automatic doors and gates remain open in the power-off condition, compliance with 404.2.4 shall not be required.

404.3.3 Thresholds.  Thresholds and changes in level at doorways shall comply with 404.2.5.

404.3.4 Doors in Series and Gates in Series.  Doors in series and gates in series shall comply with 404.2.6.

404.3.5 Controls.  Manually operated controls shall comply with 309.  The clear floor space adjacent to the control shall be located beyond the arc of the door swing.

404.3.6 Break Out Opening.  Where doors and gates without standby power are a part of a means of egress, the clear break out opening at swinging or sliding doors and gates shall be 32 inches (815 mm) minimum when operated in emergency mode.

EXCEPTION:  Where manual swinging doors and gates comply with 404.2 and serve the same means of egress compliance with 404.3.6 shall not be required.

404.3.7 Revolving Doors, Revolving Gates, and Turnstiles.  Revolving doors, revolving gates, and turnstiles shall not be part of an accessible route.

405 Ramps

405.1 General.  Ramps on accessible routes shall comply with 405.

EXCEPTION: In assembly areas, aisle ramps adjacent to seating and not serving elements required to be on an accessible route shall not be required to comply with 405.

405.2 Slope.  Ramp runs shall have a running slope not steeper than 1:12.

EXCEPTION: In existing sites, buildings, and facilities, ramps shall be permitted to have running slopes steeper than 1:12 complying with Table 405.2 where such slopes are necessary due to space limitations.

Table 405.2 Maximum Ramp Slope and Rise 
for Existing Sites, Buildings, and Facilities
Slope ¹Maximum Rise
1. A slope steeper than 1:8 is prohibited.
Steeper than 1:10 but not steeper than 1:8 3 inches (75 mm)
Steeper than 1:12 but not steeper than 1:10 6 inches (150 mm)

Advisory 405.2 Slope.  To accommodate the widest range of users, provide ramps with the least possible running slope and, wherever possible, accompany ramps with stairs for use by those individuals for whom distance presents a greater barrier than steps, e.g., people with heart disease or limited stamina.

405.3 Cross Slope.  Cross slope of ramp runs shall not be steeper than 1:48.

Advisory 405.3 Cross Slope.  Cross slope is the slope of the surface perpendicular to the direction of travel.  Cross slope is measured the same way as slope is measured (i.e., the rise over the run).

405.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces.  Floor or ground surfaces of ramp runs shall comply with 302. Changes in level other than the running slope and cross slope are not permitted on ramp runs.

405.5 Clear Width.  The clear width of a ramp run and, where handrails are provided, the clear width between handrails shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTION:  Within employee work areas, the required clear width of ramps that are a part of common use circulation paths shall be permitted to be decreased by work area equipment provided that the decrease is essential to the function of the work being performed.

405.6 Rise.  The rise for any ramp run shall be 30 inches (760 mm) maximum.

405.7 Landings.  Ramps shall have landings at the top and the bottom of each ramp run.  Landings shall comply with 405.7.

Advisory 405.7 Landings.  Ramps that do not have level landings at changes in direction can create a compound slope that will not meet the requirements of this document.  Circular or curved ramps continually change direction.  Curvilinear ramps with small radii also can create compound cross slopes and cannot, by their nature, meet the requirements foraccessible routes.  A level landing is needed at the accessible door to permit maneuvering and simultaneously door operation.

Figure 405.7 Ramp Landings
Figure (a) shows in plan view a ramp with two landings, each 60 inches (1525 mm) long in the direction of the ramp run and as wide as the connecting ramp run.  Figure (b) shows a ramp that has two runs connected by a landing 60 by 60 inches (1525 by 1525 mm); each run is oriented at 90 degrees from the other run, which connect to an adjacent sides of the landing.

405.7.1 Slope.  Landings shall comply with 302.  Changes in level are not permitted.

EXCEPTION:  Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.

405.7.2 Width.  The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run leading to the landing.

405.7.3 Length.  The landing clear length shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.

405.7.4 Change in Direction.  Ramps that change direction between runs at landings shall have a clear landing 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.

405.7.5 Doorways.  Where doorways are located adjacent to a ramp landing, maneuvering clearances required by 404.2.4 and 404.3.2 shall be permitted to overlap the required landing area.

405.8 Handrails.  Ramp runs with a rise greater than 6 inches (150 mm) shall have handrails complying with 505.

EXCEPTION: Within employee work areas, handrails shall not be required where ramps that are part of common use circulation paths are designed to permit the installation of handrails complying with 505.  Ramps not subject to the exception to 405.5 shall be designed to maintain a 36 inch (915 mm) minimum clear width when handrails are installed.

405.9 Edge Protection.  Edge protection complying with 405.9.1 or 405.9.2 shall be provided on each side of ramp runs and at each side of ramp landings.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Edge protection shall not be required on ramps that are not required to have handrails and have sides complying with 406.3.

2.  Edge protection shall not be required on the sides of ramp landings serving an adjoining ramp run or stairway.

3.  Edge protection shall not be required on the sides of ramp landings having a vertical drop-off of 1/2 inch (13 mm) maximum within 10 inches (255 mm) horizontally of the minimum landing area specified in 405.7.

405.9.1 Extended Floor or Ground Surface.  The floor or ground surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a handrail complying with 505.

Advisory 405.9.1 Extended Floor or Ground Surface.  The extended surface prevents wheelchair casters and crutch tips from slipping off the ramp surface.

Figure 405.9.1 Extended Floor or Ground Surface Edge Protection
The cross section of a ramp with handrails is shown where the ramp surface extends 12 inches (305 mm) minimum to the outside of the handrails.

405.9.2 Curb or Barrier.  A curb or barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a 4 inch (100 mm) diameter sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (100 mm) of the finish floor or ground surface.

Figure 405.9.2 Curb or Barrier Edge Protection
An elevation drawing shows a vertical clearance of less than 4 inches (100 mm) between the ramp surface and the bottom edge of a horizontal rail.

405.10 Wet Conditions.  Landings subject to wet conditions shall be designed to prevent the accumulation of water.

406 Curb Ramps

406.1 General.  Curb ramps on accessible routes shall comply with 406, 405.2 through 405.5, and 405.10.

406.2 Counter Slope.  Counter slopes of adjoining gutters and road surfaces immediately adjacent to the curb ramp shall not be steeper than 1:20.  The adjacent surfaces at transitions at curb ramps to walks, gutters, and streets shall be at the same level.

Figure 406.2 Counter Slope of Surfaces Adjacent to Curb Ramps
In cross section, a curb ramp with a maximum slope of 1:12 adjoins a surface at the bottom that has a maximum counter slope of 1:20.

406.3 Sides of Curb Ramps.  Where provided, curb ramp flares shall not be steeper than 1:10.

Figure 406.3 Sides of Curb Ramps
A curb ramp with triangular flared sides is shown.  The flared sides have a maximum 1:10 slope, measured at the curb face.

406.4 Landings.  Landings shall be provided at the tops of curb ramps. The landing clear length shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.  The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the curb ramp, excluding flared sides, leading to the landing.

EXCEPTION:  In alterations, where there is no landing at the top of curb ramps, curb ramp flares shall be provided and shall not be steeper than 1:12.

Figure 406.4 Landings at the Top of Curb Ramps
A plan view of a curb ramp shows the required top landing which has a length of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum in the direction of the ramp run and is at least as wide as the ramp.

406.5 Location.  Curb ramps and the flared sides of curb ramps shall be located so that they do not project into vehicular traffic lanes, parking spaces, or parking access aisles.  Curb ramps at marked crossings shall be wholly contained within the markings, excluding any flared sides.

406.6 Diagonal Curb Ramps.  Diagonal or corner type curb ramps with returned curbs or other well-defined edges shall have the edges parallel to the direction of pedestrian flow.  The bottom of diagonal curb ramps shall have a clear space 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum outside active traffic lanes of the roadway.  Diagonal curb ramps provided at marked crossings shall provide the 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum clear space within the markings.  Diagonal curb ramps with flared sides shall have a segment of curb 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum located on each side of the curb ramp and within the marked crossing.

Figure 406.6 Diagonal or Corner Type Curb Ramps
A plan view of a diagonal curb ramp is shown at a marked crossing.  A space 48 inches (220 mm) minimum, measured in the direction of the ramp run, is provided at the bottom of the ramp outside active traffic lanes and within the boundary of the marked pedestrian crossing.  Sections of curb 24 inches (610 mm) minimum in length are shown beyond the flared sides and within the marked crossing. 

406.7 Islands.  Raised islands in crossings shall be cut through level with the street or have curb ramps at both sides.  Each curb ramp shall have a level area 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum by 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum at the top of the curb ramp in the part of the island intersected by the crossings.  Each 48 inch (1220 mm) minimum by 36 inch (915 mm) minimum area shall be oriented so that the 48 inch (1220 mm) minimum length is in the direction of the running slope of the curb ramp it serves.  The 48 inch (1220 mm) minimum by 36 inch (915 mm) minimum areas and the accessible route shall be permitted to overlap.

Figure 406.7 Islands in Crossings
Figure (a) is a plan view of a raised pedestrian island with a walkway cut through at the same level as the street crossing.  Figure (b) is a plan view of a raised pedestrian island between two traffic lanes.  Aligned curb ramps with side flares slope down on each side.  The level space between the top of both ramps is 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum.  The width of both ramp runs is 36 inches (915 mm).

Note to Reader:  The Department of Transportation’s ADA standards require detectable warnings on curb ramps:

406.8 Detectable Warnings.  A curb ramp shall have a detectable warning complying with 705. The detectable warning shall extend the full width of the curb ramp (exclusive of flared sides) and shall extend either the full depth of the curb ramp or 24 inches (610 mm) deep minimum measured from the back of the curb on the ramp surface.

407 Elevators

407.1 General.  Elevators shall comply with 407 and with ASME A17.1 (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).  They shall be passenger elevators as classified by ASME A17.1.  Elevator operation shall be automatic.

Advisory 407.1 General.  The ADA and other Federal civil rights laws require that accessible features be maintained in working order so that they are accessible to and usable by those people they are intended to benefit.  Building owners should note that the ASME Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators requires routine maintenance and inspections.  Isolated or temporary interruptions in service due to maintenance or repairs may be unavoidable; however, failure to take prompt action to effect repairs could constitute a violation of Federal laws and these requirements.

407.2 Elevator Landing Requirements.  Elevator landings shall comply with 407.2.

407.2.1 Call Controls.  Where elevator call buttons or keypads are provided, they shall comply with 407.2.1 and 309.4.  Call buttons shall be raised or flush.

EXCEPTION:  Existing elevators shall be permitted to have recessed call buttons.

407.2.1.1 Height.  Call buttons and keypads shall be located within one of the reach ranges specified in 308, measured to the centerline of the highest operable part.

EXCEPTION:  Existing call buttons and existing keypads shall be permitted to be located at 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish floor, measured to the centerline of the highest operable part.

407.2.1.2 Size.  Call buttons shall be 3/4 inch (19 mm) minimum in the smallest dimension.

EXCEPTION:  Existing elevator call buttons shall not be required to comply with 407.2.1.2.

407.2.1.3 Clear Floor or Ground Space.  A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided at call controls.

Advisory 407.2.1.3 Clear Floor or Ground Space.  The clear floor or ground space required at elevator call buttons must remain free of obstructions including ashtrays, plants, and other decorative elements that prevent wheelchair users and others from reaching the call buttons.  The height of the clear floor or ground space is considered to be a volume from the floor to 80 inches (2030 mm) above the floor.  Recessed ashtrays should not be placed near elevator call buttons so that persons who are blind or visually impaired do not inadvertently contact them or their contents as they reach for the call buttons.

407.2.1.4 Location.  The call button that designates the up direction shall be located above the call button that designates the down direction.

EXCEPTION:  Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.1.4.

Advisory 407.2.1.4 Location Exception.  A destination-oriented elevator system provides lobby controls enabling passengers to select floor stops, lobby indicators designating which elevator to use, and a car indicator designating the floors at which the car will stop.  Responding cars are programmed for maximum efficiency by reducing the number of stops any passenger experiences.

407.2.1.5 Signals.  Call buttons shall have visible signals to indicate when each call is registered and when each call is answered.

EXCEPTIONS:  1. Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.1.5 provided that visible and audible signals complying with 407.2.2 indicating which elevator car to enter are provided.

2.  Existing elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.1.5.

407.2.1.6 Keypads.  Where keypads are provided, keypads shall be in a standard telephone keypad arrangement and shall comply with 407.4.7.2.

407.2.2 Hall Signals.  Hall signals, including in-car signals, shall comply with 407.2.2.

407.2.2.1 Visible and Audible Signals.  A visible and audible signal shall be provided at each hoistway entrance to indicate which car is answering a call and the car's direction of travel.  Where in-car signals are provided, they shall be visible from the floor area adjacent to the hall call buttons.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Visible and audible signals shall not be required at each destination-oriented elevator where a visible and audible signal complying with 407.2.2 is provided indicating the elevator car designation information.

2.  In existing elevators, a signal indicating the direction of car travel shall not be required.

407.2.2.2 Visible Signals.  Visible signal fixtures shall be centered at 72 inches (1830 mm) minimum above the finish floor or ground.  The visible signal elements shall be 2 1/2 inches (64 mm) minimum measured along the vertical centerline of the element.  Signals shall be visible from the floor area adjacent to the hall call button.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Destination-oriented elevators shall be permitted to have signals visible from the floor area adjacent to the hoistway entrance.

2.  Existing elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.2.2.

Figure 407.2.2.2 Visible Hall Signals
Visible signals are shown centered at 72 inches (1830 mm) minimum above the floor ground.  The individual “up” and “down” elements, one with circular elements, another with triangular elements, are 2½ inches (64 mm) minimum measured along the vertical centerline of the element.

407.2.2.3 Audible Signals.  Audible signals shall sound once for the up direction and twice for the down direction, or shall have verbal annunciators that indicate the direction of elevator car travel.  Audible signals shall have a frequency of 1500 Hz maximum. Verbal annunciators shall have a frequency of 300 Hz minimum and 3000 Hz maximum.  The audible signal and verbal annunciator shall be 10 dB minimum above ambient, but shall not exceed 80 dB, measured at the hall call button.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.2.3 provided that the audible tone and verbal announcement is the same as those given at the call button or call button keypad.

2.  Existing elevators shall not be required to comply with the requirements for frequency and dB range of audible signals.

407.2.2.4 Differentiation.  Each destination-oriented elevator in a bank of elevators shall have audible and visible means for differentiation.

407.2.3 Hoistway Signs.  Signs at elevator hoistways shall comply with 407.2.3.

407.2.3.1 Floor Designation.  Floor designations complying with 703.2 and 703.4.1 shall be provided on both jambs of elevator hoistway entrances.  Floor designations shall be provided in both tactile characters and braille. Tactile characters shall be 2 inches (51 mm) high minimum. A tactile star shall be provided on both jambs at the main entry level.

Figure 407.2.3.1 Floor Designations on Jambs of Elevator Hoistway Entrances
An enlarged detail of a tactile floor designation is shown.  The sign contains a star and the number A1" next to it which is 2 inches (51 mm) high; the braille equivalent is provided below each.

407.2.3.2 Car Designations.  Destination-oriented elevators shall provide tactile car identification complying with 703.2 on both jambs of the hoistway immediately below the floor designation. Car designations shall be provided in both tactile characters and braille. Tactile characters shall be 2 inches (51 mm) high minimum.

Figure 407.2.3.2 Car Designations on Jambs of Destination-Oriented Elevator Hoistway Entrances
An enlarged detail shows the car designation below the floor designation.  The car designation is 2 inches (51 mm) minimum high with the braille equivalent below it.

407.3 Elevator Door Requirements.  Hoistway and car doors shall comply with 407.3.

407.3.1 Type.  Elevator doors shall be the horizontal sliding type.  Car gates shall be prohibited.

407.3.2 Operation.  Elevator hoistway and car doors shall open and close automatically.

EXCEPTION:  Existing manually operated hoistway swing doors shall be permitted provided that they comply with 404.2.3 and 404.2.9.  Car door closing shall not be initiated until the hoistway door is closed.

407.3.3 Reopening Device.  Elevator doors shall be provided with a reopening device complying with 407.3.3 that shall stop and reopen a car door and hoistway door automatically if the door becomes obstructed by an object or person.

EXCEPTION:  Existing elevators with manually operated doors shall not be required to comply with 407.3.3.

407.3.3.1 Height.  The device shall be activated by sensing an obstruction passing through the opening at 5 inches (125 mm) nominal and 29 inches (735 mm) nominal above the finish floor.

407.3.3.2 Contact.  The device shall not require physical contact to be activated, although contact is permitted to occur before the door reverses.

407.3.3.3 Duration.  Door reopening devices shall remain effective for 20 seconds minimum.

407.3.4 Door and Signal Timing.  The minimum acceptable time from notification that a car is answering a call or notification of the car assigned at the means for the entry of destination information until the doors of that car start to close shall be calculated from the following equation:

T = D/(1.5 ft/s) or T = D/(455 mm/s) = 5 seconds minimum where T equals the total time in seconds and D equals the distance (in feet or millimeters) from the point in the lobby or corridor 60 inches (1525 mm) directly in front of the farthest call button controlling that car to the centerline of its hoistway door.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  For cars with in-car lanterns, T shall be permitted to begin when the signal is visible from the point 60 inches (1525 mm) directly in front of the farthest hall call button and the audible signal is sounded.

2.  Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.3.4.

407.3.5 Door Delay.  Elevator doors shall remain fully open in response to a car call for 3 seconds minimum.

407.3.6 Width.  The width of elevator doors shall comply with Table 407.4.1.

EXCEPTION:  In existing elevators, a power-operated car door complying with 404.2.3 shall be permitted.

407.4 Elevator Car Requirements.  Elevator cars shall comply with 407.4.

407.4.1 Car Dimensions.  Inside dimensions of elevator cars and clear width of elevator doors shall comply with Table 407.4.1.

EXCEPTION:  Existing elevator car configurations that provide a clear floor area of 16 square feet (1.5 m2) minimum and also provide an inside clear depth 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum and a clear width 36 inches (915 mm) minimum shall be permitted.

Table 407.4.1 Elevator Car Dimensions 
Door LocationMinimum Dimensions
Door Clear WidthInside Car, Side to SideInside Car, Back Wall to Front ReturnInside Car, Back Wall to Inside Face of Door
  1. A tolerance of minus 5/8 inch (16 mm) is permitted.
  2. Other car configurations that provide a turning space complying with 304 with the door closed shall be permitted.
Centered 42 inches (1065 mm) 80 inches (2030 mm) 51 inches (1295 mm) 54 inches (1370 mm)
Side (off-centered) 36 inches (915 mm)¹ 68 inches (1725 mm) 51 inches (1295 mm) 54 inches (1370 mm)
Any 36 inches (915 mm)¹ 54 inches (1370 mm) 80 inches (2030 mm) 80 inches (2030 mm)
Any 36 inches (915 mm)¹ 60 inches (1525 mm)² 60 inches (1525 mm)² 60 inches (1525 mm)²
Figure 407.4.1 Elevator Car Dimensions
Figure (a) shows an elevator car with a centered door.  The door clear width is 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum and the car width measured side to side is 80 inches (2030 mm) minimum.  The car depth is 51 inches (1295 mm) minimum measured from the back wall to the front return, and 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum measured from the back wall to the inside face of the door.  Figure (b) shows an elevator car with an off-centered door.  The door clear width is 36 inches (915 mm) minimum and the car width measured side to side is 68 inches (1725 mm) minimum.  The depth is 51 inches (1295 mm) minimum measured from the back wall to the front return, and 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum measured from the back wall to the inside face of the door.
Figure (c) shows a car with a clear door width of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum and the car width measured side to side is 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum.  The car depth is 80 inches (2030 mm) minimum measured from the back wall to the front return.  Figure (d) shows a car with a clear door width of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum and the car width measured side to side is 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.  The car depth is 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum measured from the back wall to the front return.  Figure (e) illustrates the exception for an existing elevator car configuration.  The car depth is 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum, the width is 39 inches (915 mm) minimum, and the clear floor area is 16 square feet (1.5 square m) minimum.

407.4.2 Floor Surfaces.  Floor surfaces in elevator cars shall comply with 302 and 303.

407.4.3 Platform to Hoistway Clearance.  The clearance between the car platform sill and the edge of any hoistway landing shall be 1 1/4 inch (32 mm) maximum.

407.4.4 Leveling.  Each car shall be equipped with a self-leveling feature that will automatically bring and maintain the car at floor landings within a tolerance of 1/2 inch (13 mm) under rated loading to zero loading conditions.

407.4.5 Illumination.  The level of illumination at the car controls, platform, car threshold and car landing sill shall be 5 foot candles (54 lux) minimum.

407.4.6 Elevator Car Controls.  Where provided, elevator car controls shall comply with 407.4.6 and 309.4.

EXCEPTION:  In existing elevators, where a new car operating panel complying with 407.4.6 is provided, existing car operating panels shall not be required to comply with 407.4.6.

407.4.6.1 Location.  Controls shall be located within one of the reach ranges specified in 308.

EXCEPTIONS:  1.  Where the elevator panel serves more than 16 openings and a parallel approach is provided, buttons with floor designations shall be permitted to be 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish floor.

2.  In existing elevators, car control buttons with floor designations shall be permitted to be located 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish floor where a parallel approach is provided.

407.4.6.2 Buttons.  Car control buttons with floor designations shall comply with 407.4.6.2 and shall be raised or flush.

EXCEPTION:  In existing elevators, buttons shall be permitted to be recessed.

407.4.6.2.1 Size.  Buttons shall be 3/4 inch (19 mm) minimum in their smallest dimension.

407.4.6.2.2 Arrangement.  Buttons shall be arranged with numbers in ascending order.  When two or more columns of buttons are provided they shall read from left to right.

407.4.6.3 Keypads.  Car control keypads shall be in a standard telephone keypad arrangement and shall comply with 407.4.7.2.

407.4.6.4 Emergency Controls.  Emergency controls shall comply with 407.4.6.4.

407.4.6.4.1 Height.  Emergency control buttons shall have their centerlines 35 inches (890 mm) minimum above the finish floor.

407.4.6.4.2 Location.  Emergency controls, including the emergency alarm, shall be grouped at the bottom of the panel.

407.4.7 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls.  Designations and indicators of car controls shall comply with 407.4.7.

EXCEPTION: In existing elevators, where a new car operating panel complying with 407.4.7 is provided, existing car operating panels shall not be required to comply with 407.4.7.

407.4.7.1 Buttons.  Car control buttons shall comply with 407.4.7.1.

407.4.7.1.1 Type.  Control buttons shall be identified by tactile characters complying with 703.2.

407.4.7.1.2 Location.  Raised character and braille designations shall be placed immediately to the left of the control button to which the designations apply.

EXCEPTION:  Where space on an existing car operating panel precludes tactile markings to the left of the controls, markings shall be placed as near to the control as possible.

407.4.7.1.3 Symbols.  The control button for the emergency stop, alarm, door open, door close, main entry floor, and phone, shall be identified with tactile symbols as shown in Table 407.4.7.1.3.

Table 407.4.7.1.3 Elevator Control Button Identification
Control ButtonTactile SymbolBraille Message
Emergency Stop octagon with incised X stop (Grade 2 Braille)“ST”OP Three cells
Alarm bell alarm (Grade 2 Braille)AL“AR”M four cells
Door Open two arrows pointing outward open (Grade 2 Braille)OP“EN” three cells
Door Close two facing arrows close (Grade 2 Braille)CLOSE five cells
Main Entry Floor star main (Grade 2 Braille)MA“IN” three cells
Phone phone handset phone (Grade 2 Braille)PH“ONE” four cells

407.4.7.1.4 Visible Indicators.  Buttons with floor designations shall be provided with visible indicators to show that a call has been registered.  The visible indication shall extinguish when the car arrives at the designated floor.

407.4.7.2 Keypads.  Keypads shall be identified by characters complying with 703.5 and shall be centered on the corresponding keypad button.  The number five key shall have a single raised dot.  The dot shall be 0.118 inch (3 mm) to 0.120 inch (3.05 mm) base diameter and in other aspects comply with Table 703.3.1.

407.4.8 Car Position Indicators.  Audible and visible car position indicators shall be provided in elevator cars.

407.4.8.1 Visible Indicators.  Visible indicators shall comply with 407.4.8.1.

407.4.8.1.1 Size.  Characters shall be 1/2 inch (13 mm) high minimum.

407.4.8.1.2 Location.  Indicators shall be located above the car control panel or above the door.

407.4.8.1.3 Floor Arrival.  As the car passes a floor and when a car stops at a floor served by the elevator, the corresponding character shall illuminate.

EXCEPTION:  Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.4.8.1.3 provided that the visible indicators extinguish when the call has been answered.

407.4.8.1.4 Destination Indicator.  In destination-oriented elevators, a display shall be provided in the car with visible indicators to show car destinations.

407.4.8.2 Audible Indicators.  Audible indicators shall comply with 407.4.8.2.

407.4.8.2.1 Signal Type.  The signal shall be an automatic verbal annunciator which announces the floor at which the car is about to stop.

EXCEPTION:  For elevators other than destination-oriented elevators that have a rated speed of 200 feet per minute (1 m/s) or less, a non-verbal audible signal with a frequency of 1500 Hz maximum which sounds as the car passes or is about to stop at a floor served by the elevator shall be permitted.

407.4.8.2.2 Signal Level.  The verbal annunciator shall be 10 dB minimum above ambient, but shall not exceed 80 dB, measured at the annunciator.

407.4.8.2.3 Frequency.  The verbal annunciator shall have a frequency of 300 Hz minimum to 3000 Hz maximum.

407.4.9 Emergency Communication.  Emergency two-way communication systems shall comply with 308.  Tactile symbols and characters shall be provided adjacent to the device and shall comply with 703.2.

408 Limited-Use / Limited-Application Elevators

408.1 General.  Limited-use/limited-application elevators shall comply with 408 and with ASME A17.1 (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).  They shall be passenger elevators as classified by ASME A17.1.  Elevator operation shall be automatic.

408.2 Elevator Landings.  Landings serving limited-use/limited-application elevators shall comply with 408.2.

408.2.1 Call Buttons.  Elevator call buttons and keypads shall comply with 407.2.1.

408.2.2 Hall Signals.  Hall signals shall comply with 407.2.2.

408.2.3 Hoistway Signs.  Signs at elevator hoistways shall comply with 407.2.3.1.

408.3 Elevator Doors.  Elevator hoistway doors shall comply with 408.3.

408.3.1 Sliding Doors.  Sliding hoistway and car doors shall comply with 407.3.1 through 407.3.3 and 408.4.1.

408.3.2 Swinging Doors.  Swinging hoistway doors shall open and close automatically and shall comply with 404, 407.3.2 and 408.3.2.

408.3.2.1 Power Operation.  Swinging doors shall be power-operated and shall comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.19 (1997 or 2002 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).

408.3.2.2 Duration.  Power-operated swinging doors shall remain open for 20 seconds minimum when activated.

408.4 Elevator Cars.  Elevator cars shall comply with 408.4.

408.4.1 Car Dimensions and Doors.  Elevator cars shall provide a clear width 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum and a clear depth 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum.  Car doors shall be positioned at the narrow ends of cars and shall provide 32 inches (815 mm) minimum clear width.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Cars that provide a clear width 51 inches (1295 mm) minimum shall be permitted to provide a clear depth 51 inches (1295 mm) minimum provided that car doors provide a clear opening 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum.

2.  Existing elevator cars shall be permitted to provide a clear width 36 inches (915 mm) minimum, clear depth 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum, and a net clear platform area 15 square feet (1.4 m2) minimum.

Figure 408.4.1 Limited-Use/Limited-Application (LULA) Elevator Car Dimensions
Figure (a) shows the configuration for new construction.  The door clear width is 32 inches (815 mm) minimum and the car width measured side to side is 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum.  The car depth is 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum.  Figure (b) illustrates Exception 1.  The door width is 36 inches (815 mm) minimum and the car has a clear interior space 51 by 51 inches (1295 by 1295 mm) minimum.  Figure (c) illustrates Exception 2.  The car width is 36 inches (915 mm) minimum, the depth is 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum, and the net clear car area is 15 square feet (1.4 square m) minimum.

408.4.2 Floor Surfaces.  Floor surfaces in elevator cars shall comply with 302 and 303.

408.4.3 Platform to Hoistway Clearance.  The platform to hoistway clearance shall comply with 407.4.3.

408.4.4 Leveling.  Elevator car leveling shall comply with 407.4.4.

408.4.5 Illumination.  Elevator car illumination shall comply with 407.4.5.

408.4.6 Car Controls.  Elevator car controls shall comply with 407.4.6.  Control panels shall be centered on a side wall.

408.4.7 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls.  Designations and indicators of car controls shall comply with 407.4.7.

408.4.8 Emergency Communications.  Car emergency signaling devices complying with 407.4.9 shall be provided.

409 Private Residence Elevators

409.1 General.  Private residence elevators that are provided within a residential dwelling unit required to provide mobility features complying with 809.2 through 809.4 shall comply with 409 and with ASME A17.1 (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1). They shall be passenger elevators as classified by ASME A17.1.  Elevator operation shall be automatic.

409.2 Call Buttons.  Call buttons shall be 3/4 inch (19 mm) minimum in the smallest dimension and shall comply with 309.

409.3 Elevator Doors.  Hoistway doors, car doors, and car gates shall comply with 409.3 and 404.

EXCEPTION:  Doors shall not be required to comply with the maneuvering clearance requirements in 404.2.4.1 for approaches to the push side of swinging doors.

409.3.1 Power Operation.  Elevator car and hoistway doors and gates shall be power operated and shall comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.19 (1997 or 2002 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).  Power operated doors and gates shall remain open for 20 seconds minimum when activated.

EXCEPTION:  In elevator cars with more than one opening, hoistway doors and gates shall be permitted to be of the manual-open, self-close type.

409.3.2 Location.  Elevator car doors or gates shall be positioned at the narrow end of the clear floor spaces required by 409.4.1.

409.4 Elevator Cars.  Private residence elevator cars shall comply with 409.4.

409.4.1 Inside Dimensions of Elevator Cars.  Elevator cars shall provide a clear floor space of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum and shall comply with 305.

409.4.2 Floor Surfaces.  Floor surfaces in elevator cars shall comply with 302 and 303.

409.4.3 Platform to Hoistway Clearance.  The clearance between the car platform and the edge of any landing sill shall be 1 1/2 inch (38 mm) maximum.

409.4.4 Leveling.  Each car shall automatically stop at a floor landing within a tolerance of 1/2 inch (13 mm) under rated loading to zero loading conditions.

409.4.5 Illumination Levels.  Elevator car illumination shall comply with 407.4.5.

409.4.6 Car Controls.  Elevator car control buttons shall comply with 409.4.6, 309.3, 309.4, and shall be raised or flush.

409.4.6.1 Size.  Control buttons shall be 3/4 inch (19 mm) minimum in their smallest dimension.

409.4.6.2 Location.  Control panels shall be on a side wall, 12 inches (305 mm) minimum from any adjacent wall.

Figure 409.4.6.2 Location of Private Residence Elevator Control Panel
A plan view shows an elevator with an out-swinging hoistway door.  The control panel is shown on the car side wall 12 inches (305 mm) minimum from the front.

409.4.7 Emergency Communications.  Emergency two-way communication systems shall comply with 409.4.7.

409.4.7.1 Type.  A telephone and emergency signal device shall be provided in the car.

409.4.7.2 Operable Parts.  The telephone and emergency signaling device shall comply with 309.3 and 309.4.

409.4.7.3 Compartment.  If the telephone or device is in a closed compartment, the compartment door hardware shall comply with 309.

409.4.7.4 Cord.  The telephone cord shall be 29 inches (735 mm) long minimum.

410 Platform Lifts

410.1 General.  Platform lifts shall comply with ASME A18.1 (1999 edition or 2003 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1). Platform lifts shall not be attendant-operated and shall provide unassisted entry and exit from the lift.

Advisory 410.1 General.  Inclined stairway chairlifts and inclined and vertical platform lifts are available for short-distance vertical transportation.  Because an accessible route requires an 80 inch (2030 mm) vertical clearance, care should be taken in selecting lifts as they may not be equally suitable for use by people using wheelchairs and people standing.  If a lift does not provide 80 inch (2030 mm) vertical clearance, it cannot be considered part of an accessible route in new construction.

The ADA and other Federal civil rights laws require that accessible features be maintained in working order so that they are accessible to and usable by those people they are intended to benefit.  Building owners are reminded that the ASME A18 Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts requires routine maintenance and inspections.  Isolated or temporary interruptions in service due to maintenance or repairs may be unavoidable; however, failure to take prompt action to effect repairs could constitute a violation of Federal laws and these requirements.

410.2 Floor Surfaces.  Floor surfaces in platform lifts shall comply with 302 and 303.

410.3 Clear Floor Space.  Clear floor space in platform lifts shall comply with 305.

410.4 Platform to Runway Clearance.  The clearance between the platform sill and the edge of any runway landing shall be 1 1/4 inch (32 mm) maximum.

410.5 Operable Parts.  Controls for platform lifts shall comply with 309.

410.6 Doors and Gates.  Platform lifts shall have low-energy power-operated doors or gates complying with 404.3.  Doors shall remain open for 20 seconds minimum.  End doors and gates shall provide a clear width 32 inches (815 mm) minimum.  Side doors and gates shall provide a clear width 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum.

EXCEPTION: Platform lifts serving two landings maximum and having doors or gates on opposite sides shall be permitted to have self-closing manual doors or gates.

Figure 410.6 Platform Lift Doors and Gates
A rectangular lift platform is shown in plan view with an end door 32 inches (815 mm) minimum, and a side door 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum.
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